International Renewable Energy Storage Conference

1. International Renewable Energy Storage Conference Berlin, November 28th 2011 Vanadium flow battery energy storage A mature, enduring technology – displacing fossil fuel with wind and solar power Sir John Samuel, REDT Ltd., Dublin, Ireland

2. Energy storage – key to the future Solar and wind power with Vanadium flow battery energy storage now enables firm power generation at lower cost than diesel fuels IRES

3. Benefits of flow battery storage Essential storage for growth of wind energy beyond 5% of grid content Substation stabilisation for RE grid integration Off-grid power - reliable, low maintenance, long duration storage IRES

4. Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Key features for reliability • Power and energyindependent - scalable up to 10MW , 6+ hours duration • Symmetrical Vanadium chemistry - tolerates cross membrane mixing • Safe operation – ambient temperature environmentally sound, recyclable • Very low maintenance - Electrolyte has indefinite life >10,000 cycles. Reusable. IRES

5. Vanadium Redox Flow Battery • All liquid phase - no metal plating, cells equal temperature and state of charge • Charge retention 100% - on standby • Deep discharge – up to 90% capacity utilisation • Internal and flow losses minimised – 80% stack roundtrip efficiency; • Three global REDT patents granted for technology, three pending The VRFB Stack: IRES

6. Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Pilot build VRFB Stacks 40 cells rated at 5kW with 10kW peak power All polymer materials, high integrity sealed system Low impedance membrane electrode structureCharge ratio1.2:1 Utility scale stack under development IRES

7. Pilot systems • Pilot production of 5kW x 6 hour systems for telecom BTS base station support • Multiple stack 20kW + systems available with up to 12 hour storage • 48V DC or 250V AC input/output • Industrial power quality and UPS • Outstanding economics - Remote diesel genset/VRFB hybrid 60% fuel saving IRES

8. VRFB Applications - Off grid telecom Typical remote telecom hub site operated by Digicel, Vanuatu Island, South Pacific Diesel, PV, Wind, Storage (Ref: Green power for mobile - GSMA) 1.25kW BTS primary load + microwave link at 0.2kW Currently Lead Acid storage requiring frequent replacements Power Oasis controller, with remote monitoring Project internal rate of return (IRR)> 30% Potential market 100,000 sites REDT rollout VRFB systems 2012/13 IRES

9. VRFB/Diesel Hybrid genset - 10 year cost savings IRES

10. VRFB Applications – Island power Typical Orkney island wind/diesel site operated by Scottish and Southern Energy (Ref: SSE The Orkney Smart Grid) Diesel, Wind, Wave + 33kV Grid Import, 6 miles off North-Scotland Min/Max demand: 8/31MW Proposed utility scale VRFB energy storage 0.5MW x 4 hour system Objective to recapture 30% of constrained wind generation - currently wasted IRES

11. Orkney concept plant layout IRES

12. EV Refuelling by electrolyte exchange • Electrolyte fuel will be recharged in refuelling station – renewable & off-peak power • Zero emission, zero tax road fuel (REDT Patent protected) • Advanced Redox fuels in development (Fraunhofer, MIT, KEMA etc.) IRES

13. Ecobus design study - 120kW electric 20 seat bus • Flow battery replaces 50kWh Lead Acid battery • Hybrid power system: VRFB 50kW stacks + 70kW NiMH buffer • 40kWh electrolyte – 2 x 700L tanks – 50 km autonomy • 5/10 minute refuelling from off-peak or renewable energy sources • 24 hour operations, ultra low cost per km, zero emissions at point of use IRES

14. Renewable energy village – a vision of the future The standalone zero carbon community – A concept extending renewable energy fuel beyond village power into agriculture, marine, railways... IRES

15. A renewable future with flow battery storage Move your RE project forward now with cost effective energy storage....questions please? IRES