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Unit Six

Unit Six. Recognizing Terrorist Activities. Terrorism Clues. Occupancy Type of event Timing of the incident On-scene warning signs. Occupancy. Government Buildings Schools Religious Buildings Public Assembly Points Mass Transit Systems Places with High Economic Impact.

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Unit Six

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  1. Unit Six Recognizing Terrorist Activities

  2. Terrorism Clues • Occupancy • Type of event • Timing of the incident • On-scene warning signs

  3. Occupancy • Government Buildings • Schools • Religious Buildings • Public Assembly Points • Mass Transit Systems • Places with High Economic Impact

  4. Occupancy (cont.) • Military Installations • Financial Institutions • Entertainment Facilities • Hospitals • Utilities • Places of Historical or Symbolic Significance

  5. Type of Event Political Rallies Timing of the Incident Holidays, Birthdays Celebrations Recent Known Threats

  6. On scene warning signs • Suspicious persons leaving the area • Suspicious vehicles in the area • Signs and symptoms of WMD agents • Secondary devices discovered

  7. Target Analysis • Ethnic, separatist • Extreme Issue • Foreign Terrorist • Right or Left wing extremeist

  8. Sources for WMD agents • Home production • Laboratory production • Industrial facilities • Military • Medical/university research facilities

  9. Indicators of WMD Attack • Primary Indicators • Symptoms of victims • Mass casualties • Casualty pattern • Dissemination device • Warning given or credit taken

  10. Indicators of WMD Attack (cont.) • Secondary Indicators • Dead animals or birds • Statements of the victims • Things out of place

  11. Recognition of WMD / Hazmat Incident • Chemical • Biological • Nuclear • Radiological • Explosive • Incendiary

  12. Chemical • Recognition • The six clues • Victim signs and symptoms • Threats & Risks • Usually a liquid when containerized • May boil at low temperatures and become gases • Normally disseminated as gasses or aerosols • Most are influenced by weather conditions

  13. Chemical (cont.) • Basic Protection Measures • SCBA only • PPE • Decontamination

  14. Biological • Recognition • Large influx of calls • Similar signs and symptoms

  15. Biological (cont.) • Threats & Risks • Do not penetrate unbroken skin • Non-volatile • Are more toxic than chemicals by weight • Are undetectable by human senses • Have limited field detection • Disseminated as aerosols • Effects range from skin disorder to death • All are obtained from nature • Are relatively easy to produce • Have a delayed effect

  16. Biological (cont.) • Basic Protection • SCBA • APR with HEPA filter • Protective clothing • Good sanitation • Decontamination

  17. Radiological/Nuclear • Recognition • Dirty Bombs • Small explosions that create dusts • Threats & Risks • Alpha particles • Beta particles • Gamma Radiation

  18. Nuclear (cont.) • Risks • The total amount of radiation received • The dose rate • The specific type of radiation • Health risks • Exposure • Ingestion • External contamination • Internal contamination

  19. Nuclear (cont.) • Basic Protection • Time • Distance • Shielding • SCBA • APR • PPE • Decon

  20. Explosive • Recognition • Vehicles • Pipe bombs • Satchel devices • IEDs

  21. Explosives(cont.) • Threats & Risks • Blast Pressure (Positive & Negative) • Fragmentation • Thermal

  22. Explosive (cont.) • Basic Protection Measures • Watch out for: • Abandoned containers • Incidents preceded by a written or verbal threat • Trip wires / booby traps • Suspicious mailings • Strong chemical odors • Devices containing unknown items • Multiple explosions

  23. Incendiary • Recognition • Road flares • Gasoline and motor oil • Light bulbs • Common electrical components • Matches • Household chemicals • Fireworks • Propane and butane cylinders • Plastic pipes, bottles and cans

  24. Incendiary (cont.) • Threats & Risks • Basic types of incendiary devices • Chemical • Electronic • Mechanical • Delivery of incendiary devices • Hand thrown • Stationary • Propelled

  25. Incendiary (cont.) • Basic Protection Measures • PPE • Observation of: • Secondary timed devices • Multiple fire locations • Signs of accelerants • Flammable liquid containers • Splatter patterns • Fusing residue

  26. RESPONDERS SHOULD ALWAYS BE OBSERVANT OF SECONDARY DEVICES!!

  27. Potential Outcomes for Terrorist CBRNE Event • Thousands of casualties • Residual contamination • Overwhelmed emergency services • Disrupted municipal functions • Panic and confusion • Loss of faith in the responders

  28. Role of the First Responder Awareness at WMD / Hazmat Incident • Recognition and identification • Protect themselves and others • Notify authorities

  29. Basic Isolation Procedures for WMD / Hazmat • Isolate the area for protection and pending arrival of proper authorities.

  30. Protection of WMD Crime Scene • Remain extremely vigilant • You may be called upon to testify • Try to retain the evidentiary value of everything

  31. Additional Contacts during WMD Incident • Who are you going to call? • FBI • State Responders

  32. UNIT SIX QUIZ

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