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Truman Foreign Policy – Part II

Truman Foreign Policy – Part II. Republicans come to power on demobilization, business as usual, a cutback in the role of spending, and lower taxes Hamstrings Truman’s ability to fight the cold war US has only 1.3 divisions to deal with the 2 60 divisions of the Soviet Union.

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Truman Foreign Policy – Part II

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  1. Truman Foreign Policy – Part II • Republicans come to power on demobilization, business as usual, a cutback in the role of spending, and lower taxes • Hamstrings Truman’s ability to fight the cold war • US has only 1.3 divisions to deal with the 260 divisions of the Soviet Union

  2. 1946 – Dealing with the Soviet Union • US believed that Communism thrived on chaos and poverty, the way to respond to it was to promote stability and prosperity through economic aid • 3 Possibilities to deal with it • build up military • Send military aid to threatened countries • Give economic aid to needy peoples

  3. Feb. 1947, Greece and Turkey • Great Britain pulls aid from Greece and Turkey with the communist in Greece preparing to take over • Undersecretary of State Acheson argues that if they fall a “domino” effect will incur and in Europe. First articulation of “domino theory” • Leads to the Truman Doctrine

  4. Truman Doctrine • “I believe that it must be the policy of the US to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures.” • Sent $400 million for Greece and Turkey • For the first time the US had chosen to intervene during a period of general peace in the affairs of peoples outside North and South America

  5. Marshall Plan • Truman Doctrine leads to Marshall Plan • A massive American aid program to Europe • Wanted to revive the European economy for both economic (buy US exports) and military reasons • Only a healthy economy would support European troops necessary to stop the Red Army • Economic for Western Europe and military for Greece and Turkey

  6. More in 1947 • In Greece, guerilla warfare rage on • Chiang was being pushed back in China • Anti-communist in Hungary were destroyed and the election was rigged for the left wing party • The draft was stopped in the US

  7. National Security Act – July, 1947 • Provided a single Department of Defense • National Security Council • CIA – to gather information and evaluate intelligence activities around the world

  8. 1948 – Communist Coup in Czechoslovakia • Soviets flew to Prague and forced President Benes to resign and the foreign minister was assassinated. Communist assumed control. • Coup did two things for the adoption of the containment policy • Sent a shockwave throughout the civilized world • Showed limitations of current American policy because they did nothing to stop it • Got the Marshal Plan passed

  9. Expansion of the CIA – June 1948 • They would now do covert operations for economic and military warfare and paramilitary activities • Communist were gaining strength in the upcoming Italian elections. The CIA funneled money to the Christian Democrats and they defeated the Communists. • This was cheap and kept the communist out of control of Italy. • The CIA was off and running with covert activities

  10. Election of 1948 Thomas Dewey- Republican Harry Truman – Democrats Strom Thurmond Dixiecrat or state-rights Democrats

  11. Truman Wins

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