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Mid-19c European Nationalism

Mid-19c European Nationalism. Crimean War (1854-1856). Russia [claimed protectorship over the Orthodox Christians in the Ottoman Empire]. Ottoman Empire Great Britain France Piedmont-Sardinia. The Crimean War [1854-1856 ]. The Charge of the Light Brigade 1854.

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Mid-19c European Nationalism

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  1. Mid-19c European Nationalism

  2. Crimean War (1854-1856) Russia[claimed protectorship over the Orthodox Christians in the Ottoman Empire] Ottoman Empire Great Britain France Piedmont-Sardinia

  3. The Crimean War [1854-1856]

  4. The Charge of the Light Brigade 1854 Half a league, half a league,   Half a league onward,All in the valley of Death   Rode the six hundred."Forward, the Light Brigade!"Charge for the guns!" he said:Into the valley of Death   Rode the six hundred… A romanticized poem of the battle by Alfred Lord Tennyson

  5. Florence Nightingale 1820-1910 “The Lady with the Lamp”

  6. Treaty of Paris 1856 • No Russian or Ottoman naval forces on the Black Sea. • All powers agreed to respect the Ottoman Empire. Who benefitted? Who lost big?

  7. Effects • Destroyed Concert of Europe • Shows weakness of all armies and states. • States pursue interest w/o regards to others. • England begins ‘2nd isolation period’ letting unification of Italy and Germany to occur. • Austria will become isolated for actions during war. • Piedmont-Sardinia becomes powerful. • Russia will try to continue to expand in time.

  8. Italian Unification

  9. Italian Nationalist Leaders King Victor Emmanuel II Giuseppi Garibaldi[The “Sword”] Giuseppi Mazzini[The “Heart”] Count Cavour[The “Head”]

  10. Pope Pius IX

  11. Sardinia-Piedmont: The “Magnet” Italian unification:Risorgimento “Resurgence”

  12. Step #1: Carbonari Insurrections:1820-1821 “Coalmen.”

  13. Step #2: Piedmont-Sardinia Sends Troops to the Crimea

  14. Step #3: Cavour & Napoleon III Meet at Plombières, 1858

  15. Step #4: Austro-Sardinian War,1859

  16. Step #5: Garibaldi & His “Red Shirts” Unites with Cavour

  17. Step #6: Austro-Prussian War 1866 Austria looses Venetia and is annexed to Italy.

  18. Step #7: French Troops Leave Rome, 1870 Italy is united! ‘Passion of Mazzini, audacity of Garibaldi, and the cunningness of Cavour’

  19. A Unified Peninsula! A contemporary British cartoon, entitled "Right Leg in the Boot at Last," shows Garibaldi helping Victor Emmanuel put on the Italian boot.

  20. The Kingdom of Italy: 1871

  21. German Unification

  22. Prussia/Austria Rivalry

  23. Key Players

  24. Kaiser Wilhelm I

  25. Chancellor Otto von Bismarck The “IronChancellor” Realpolitik “Blood&Iron”

  26. Otto Von Bismarck . . . . The less people know about how sausages and laws are made, the better they’ll sleep at night. Never believe in anything until it has been officially denied. The great questions of the day will not be settled by speeches and majority decisions—that was the mistake of 1848-1849—but by blood and iron.

  27. Otto von Bismarck . . . . I am bored. The great things are done. The German Reich is made. A generation that has taken a beating is always followed by a generation that deals one. Some damned foolish thing in the Balkans will provoke the next war.

  28. TheGermanConfederation

  29. Bismarck Manipulatingthe Reichstag

  30. Step #1: The Danish War[1864] The Peace ofVienna

  31. Step #2: Austro-Prussian War[Seven Weeks’ War], 1866 Prussia Austria

  32. Step #3: Creation of the Northern German Confederation, 1867 Following the victory of Prussia, Bismarck eliminated the Austrian led German Confederation. He then established a new North German Confederation which Prussia could control  Peace of Prague

  33. Step #4: Ems Dispatch [1870]:Catalyst for War 1868 revolt in Spain. Spanish leaders wantedPrince Leopold von Hohenz.[a cousin to the Kaiser & aCatholic], as their new king. France protested & his name was withdrawn. The French asked the Kaiser apologize for supporting Leopold. Bismarck “doctored” the telegram from Wilhelm to the French Ambassador to make it seem as though the Kaiser had insulted Napoleon III.

  34. Step #5: Franco-Prussian War[1870-1871] German soldiers “abusing” the French.

  35. Step #4: Franco-Prussian War[1870-1871]

  36. Bismarck & Napoleon III After Sedan

  37. Treaty of Frankfurt [1871] The Second French Empire collapsed and was replaced by the Third French Republic. The Italians took Rome and capitalized it. Russia put warships in the Black Sea [in defiance of the 1856 Treaty of Paris that ended the Crimean War]. ------------------- France paid a huge indemnity and was occupied by German troops until it was paid. France ceded Alsace-Lorraine to Germany.

  38. France’s Loss of Alsace-Lorraine

  39. Coronation of Kaiser Wilhelm I[r. 1871–1888]

  40. Prussian Junkers Swear Their Allegiance to the Kaiser

  41. German Imperial Flag

  42. Eastern Europe in the Last Half of the 19c

  43. Differing Nationalities in theAustrian Empire

  44. Austrian Imperial Flag

  45. Emperor Franz Josef I[r. 1848-1916]

  46. The Compromise of 1867:The Dual Monarchy  Austria-Hungary The Hungarian Flag

  47. The Ottoman Empire -- Late 19c“The Sicker Man of Europe”

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