The Kingdom Protista

1. The Kingdom Protista CHAPTER TEN

2. Protozoans • Microscopic unicellular organisms • Most are motile • Most are aquatic but some found in soil • Most heterotrophic but some autotrophic & heterotrophic • Organized into four phyla based on locomotion

3. Four Phyla of Protists • SARCODINA (amoeba) • CILIOPHORA (ciliates) • MASTIGOPHORA (flagellates) • SPOROZOA (form spores)

4. Sarcodina • Lack a standard body shape / amoebic • Moves & engulfs food by pseudopod (false foot) • Food sealed into a food vacuole for digestion • Contractile vacuoles squeeze out excess water • Reproduce through mitosis • Some construct and have shells • Have many habitats including fresh water, the sea floor, and the human mouth / intestine

5. Sarcodina (Amoeba)

6. Ciliophora • Have cilia that beat rhythmically to move it or its food • Arrangement of cilia varies • Most common is Paramecium • PELLICLE is a firm/flexible covering • MACRONUCLEUS holds multiple genetic copies • MICRONUCLEUS handles reproduction • ORAL GROOVE sweeps food into cell through mouth pore

7. Paramecium

8. Mastigophora • Have flagella for locomotion • Most common is the Euglena • Also has pellicle and contractile vacuole • Asexual reproduction through binary fission

9. Euglena

10. Sporozoa • Have no special structures for locomotion • All are parasitic • Make spores for reproduction; spores become nuclei • Plasmodium causes malaria

11. Sporozoa

14. Algae • Accounts for 70% of oxygen producing photosynthesis • Debate over how to classify algae • The five phyla are placed in kingdom Protista • Most algae grow in a colony called a THALLUS, sometimes with an air bladder to float • Reproduce by mitosis / spread by FRAGMENTATION or have zoospores that have flagella to swim away

15. Algae

16. Algal Bloom • In optimum conditions, algae multiply rapidly • Can turn the water color, foul odor, and kill fish

17. Algal Bloom