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Kingdom Protista

Kingdom Protista. 14 Phyla 43,000 species Most Diverse of the Six Kingdoms. The Autotrophic Protists (The Plant-like Protists). Algae: The Plant-like Protists. Algae can be unicellular or multicellular. Differ from plants because they have no roots, stems or leaves

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Kingdom Protista

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  1. Kingdom Protista 14 Phyla 43,000 species Most Diverse of the Six Kingdoms

  2. The Autotrophic Protists(The Plant-like Protists)

  3. Algae: The Plant-like Protists • Algae can be unicellular or multicellular. • Differ from plants because they have no roots, stems or leaves • Classified: 3 phyla only unicellular (Euglenoids, Diatoms, Dinoflagellates); 3 phyla by color of pigment = most are multicellular: green, red, brown algae • Phytoplankton are the major producers of nutrients in all aquatic ecosystems.

  4. Phylum: Euglenophyta • Unicellular: Euglena gracilis most common • Can be an autotroph or heterotroph • They are flagellated & motile, and green with a red eyespot. • Asexual reproduction. • About 1000 species. • Mostly freshwater.

  5. Phylum: Bacillariophyta “Diatoms” • More than 11,500 species. • Unicellular, photosynthetic • “Shells” made of opaline silica • Formerly used as the scouring agent in toothpowder • “Diatomaceous earth” used in swimming pools: the silica slices bacteria, microbes in the water filter & fleas in soil. • Many forms, usually very symmetrical.

  6. Phylum: Pyrrophyta “Dinoflagellates” • More than 2100 species. • Unicellular; autotrophic, some luminescent • The “spinning algae:” 2 flagella in grooves at right angles to each other causes spinning. • Mostly marine • Cause red or brown tides = toxic when trapped in mussels & eaten by humans; can be fatal.

  7. Phylum: ChlorophytaThe Green Algae • Unicellular, colonial, multicellular • About 7000 species • Scientists think plants descended from this group • Examples: Chlamydomonas, Spirogyra, Volvox

  8. The Heterotrophic Protists(The Animal-like Protists) • Classified by means of locomotion: pseudopods, cilia, flagellum, nonmotile • Free-living forms or parasitic

  9. Phylum SarcodinaAbout 300 species(New classification: Rhizopoda) • Group 1: Amebae are amorphic, have no walls, move by pseudopods (false feet) & engulf food by phagocytosis. • Most marine, but some freshwater; asexual, but can form cysts; Entamoeba histolytica cystscause dysentery. • Group 2: Foraminiferans & radiolarians all marine, have hard CaCO3 or silica shell; used to date rocks.

  10. Phylum: Zoomastigina • Possesses one or more flagella (some 1000’s) • Some parasitic: Trypanasoma = African sleeping sickness) • Some mutualistic = live in gut of termite, digests wood for termite.

  11. A Common Parasitic Flagellate: Giardia: The Bad Bug This tear-drop shaped flagellated protozoan lives in the small intestine and is transmitted primarily when the infective cysts are ingested in water. It is an example of what is known as a Zoonosis, a parasite found in wild animals which can be transmitted to humans. When an outbreak occurred in Banff National Park it was termed BEAVER FEVER because the local beavers were thought to be the source of contamination of the water supply.

  12. Phylum CiliophoraThe “Ciliates” • About 8000 species. • Paramecia usually the representative species. • Usually reproduce by binary fission, but can undergo conjugation. • Varied group; live in every aquatic environ. • Examples: Paramecium, Stentor, Vorticella

  13. The Choanoflagellata(The collar-flagellates) • Protists are studied as a link to the first animals on Earth. • These collar cells are just like the ones found in the first primitive animals, the sponges, and as flame cells in the flatworms.

  14. Phylum Sporozoa • All parasitic and nonmotile. • Life cycles complex involving more than one host • Example: Plasmodium causes malaria & uses the Anopheles mosquito as a vector.

  15. Funguslike Protists“Slime Molds” & “Downy Mildew” • Features of both fungus & protist • Classified by way they reproduce • Fungus-like: form “nets” like hyphae; some decompose materials; some make spores • Protist-like: move around & engulf food like amebae

  16. References http://www.apsnet.org/education/LessonsPlantPath/GrapeDowny/SYMP TOM.HTM http://mtlab.biol.tsukuba.ac.jp/WWW/PDB/Images/Protista/Mastig ophoraE.html http://mtlab.biol.tsukuba.ac.jp/WWW/PDB/Images/Ciliophora/St entor/index.html http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~mow/chap22.html http://www.microscopy- uk.org.uk/mag/indexmag.html?http://www.microscopy- uk.org.uk/mag/art97b/volvoxms.html http://bugs.uah.ualberta.ca/webbug/parasite/artifact/giardia.htm http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~bioslabs/studies/invertebrates/chlamydomonas.html http://www.dpo.uab.edu/~acnnnghm/BY255L/BY255L-Protista-TermiteFlagellate-1.htm

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