Parts of Speech

1. Parts of Speech

2. Parts of Speech- Rationale We study parts of speech to improve our writing and to increase our understanding of the English language.

3. Nouns • A Noun is a word or word group that is used to name a person, place, thing, or an idea. • A proper noun names a particular person, place, thing, or idea and is capitalized. • A common noun names any one of a group of persons, places, things, or ideas and is generally not capitalized. Checking for Understanding List three examples of a noun, proper noun, and common noun.

4. Adverb and Adjective Adverb Surprisingly, English is my favorite class. Adjective Fascinating and challenging, English is my favorite class. Prepositional Phrase Out of all my classes, English is my favorite.

5. Adjective • An Adjective is a word that is used to modify a noun or a pronoun. To modify a word means to describe the word or to make its meaning more definite. • An adjective modifies a noun by telling what kind, which one, or how many. What kind? Gray skies, far-fetched tale, lowest price Which One? Either way, next day, those skies, last chance. How Many? Five fingers, one river, fewer hours, some ants.

6. Verbs • The Verb- a verb is a word that is used to express action or a state of being. • main or helping verbs • action or linking verbs • transitive or intransitive verbs A helping verb helps the main verb express action or a state of being. A verb phrase consists of at least one main verb and one or more helping verbs.

7. Verbs… • An action verb expresses either physical or mental action • A linking verb connects the subject to a word or word group that identifies or describesthe subject. The most commonly used linking verbs are forms of the verb be.

8. Transitive and Intransitive Verbs • Transitive and Intransitive Verbs 1. A transitive verb expresses an action toward a person, place, or thing. The action expressed by a transitive verb passes from the doer-the subject-to the receiver of the action. Wordsthat receive the action are called objects. 2. An intransitive verb expresses action (or tells something about the subject) w/o the action passing to a receiver, or object.

9. Adverbs • An adverb modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb 1. An adverb tells where, when, how, or to what extent (how long or how much). 2. An adverb makes the meaning of a verb, an adjective, or another adverb more definite. • Adverbs that modify other adverbs Ex. Calvin was almost never there. Ex. We’ll meet shortly afterward. Ex. She slept too late. • The conjunctive adverb is an adverb used as a connecting word between independent clauses in a compound sentence.

10. Adverbs… Ex: We tried to be at the stadium by 6:30 pm; however, we arrived at the wrong time. • The relative adverb is often used to introduce adjective clauses. ----Ex: Uncle Lionel told us about the time when he drove across the country

11. Preposition • The Preposition a. the preposition is a word that shows the relation- ship of a noun or a pronoun to another word group b. the noun or pronoun that a preposition relates an- other word to is called the object of the preposition (the object of the prep. follows the prep.) c. prepositions that consist of two or more words are called compound prepositions

12. Conjunction • The Conjunction a. a conjunction is a word that joins words or word groups. b. a coordinating conjunction joins words or word groups that are used in the same way.

13. Interjection • The Interjection a. An interjection is a word that expresses emotion. b. An interjection has no grammatical relation to the rest of the sentence.