Chapter 1 (Summary)

1. Chapter 1 (Summary) • Drunken Mr. Jones to bed/animals meet in the barn • Major Wishes to pass his wisdom • Talks about miserable lives and manipulation/born as slaves • Could live in luxury given the resources • Use the products of their labors • Dream from the Previous Night • Live free and happy • Animals vs. humans (2 legged walking ‘creatures’) • Once they take the humans they can’t acquire their traits • Ex: live in a house, sleep in beds, drink, smoke, $, clothes, trade (p. 31) • “Beasts of England” ---an animal Utopia • Mr. Jones fires a shotgun and stops the commotion

2. Chapter 1 (Analysis) • “Beasts of England”- the animals will finally be free from man’s domination—enjoy the fruits of their labors • The song words lead to a ‘false reality’ • (Reality vs. a Dream Utopia) • Major’s simple belief is that ‘Man’ is the only reason for their evil (makes it easy for anyone non human to buy in to the situation • Idea touches on class struggle, surplus value, and domination • Idea is sincere, but it’s only a fantasy—just like . . . • Major states: “All animals are equal” • Lenin dies just as Major-leaving his work unfinished • Ch. 1=Historic to period before and during WWI • Ends with great unrest!

3. Chapter 2 (Summary) • Napoleon/Snowball description (35) • The Rebellion-Animals take farm and preserve the house • Animalism • Moses-Sugar Candy Mountain • 7 Commandments: • 1. 2 legs is the enemy • 2. 4 legs or wings is a friend • 3. No clothes • 4. No bed • 5. No alcohol • 6. Not kill any other animal • 7. All animals are equal

4. Chapter 2 (Analysis) • Russian Revolution Becomes very clear • Manor Farm- Part feudal, Part capitalist = Russia • Major represents Marx’s philosophy of communism, and Lenin who enacted it = Animalism • Animals=working class (esp. Boxer and Clover) • Pigs = intelligentsia (organized and controlled the Rev.) • Squealer = Propaganda • Moses = Russian Orthodox Church • Mollie = Bourgeoisie (Luxuries) • Russia began with noble ideas including moral dignity and equality-quickly gone on Animal Farm • Orwell’s description of pre-rebellion misery-social inequality and mistreatment of workers

5. Chapter 3 (Summary) • “4 legs good, 2 legs bad” - • Pigs take charge/superiority- • take the milk • Raise the pups • A lot of work is done- BOXER “I will/must work harder” • Flag with hoof and horn (Russian Flag) • Snowball and Napoleon fight • Pigs take human ways • Socialists goals became meaningless tools used for control • 4 legs/2 legs—what about wings? • Dog Army • Manipulation by Squealer-(p52 or last page of Chapter 3)

6. Chapter 3 (Analysis) • Boxer’s (People’s) blind faith in the system • Imbalance of knowledge and literacy • Pigs/Stalin-sole guardians of Animal Farm/Russian principals • 7 Commandments • Antihuman directive (no clothes), moral values (no kill other animal), utopian ideas (all animals equal) • 4 legs good/2 legs bad=not part of the above ideals • Propaganda was used to ignore their own unhappiness/shift focus • Squealer = Propaganda to control the people • Satire – “Good of the State” –emphasizes Russia’s own downfall-pokes fun

7. Chapter 4 (Summary) • The Short Version • Battle of Cowshed • Medals: Animal Hero First Class • Snowball and Boxer

8. Chapter 4 (Analysis) • Allusion: Julius Caesar (Snowball studying JC’s campaigns) • Russian Interwar Period • Trotsky: In order for Communism to work, it has to be global • Domino Effect = Non communists become communist • Pres. Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Johnson used this to justify military involvement in Turkey, Greece, and Vietnam • Rumors spread of Russia • People fight but don’t understand what their fighting for • Their own oppression = Irony • Orwell was (perhaps) denouncing Comm. & non-Comm. • Mr. Jones = Irresponsible/Neglect • Mr. P = Doesn’t do anything