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Early Intervention for Children with Special Needs: Historical Milestones and Key Concepts

This chapter provides an overview of historical milestones in special needs education, focusing on early intervention strategies. Topics include the role of the Early Interventionist, interrelationships between family, community, and special needs children, and the importance of inclusive practices. The chapter emphasizes the significance of knowledgeable and skilled professionals in ensuring quality services for young children with disabilities. Learning objectives involve understanding key historical events and the impact of legislation on special education programs. The text explores the benefits of early intervention and the responsibilities of Early Interventionists in serving children with disabilities.

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Early Intervention for Children with Special Needs: Historical Milestones and Key Concepts

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  1. CD10: Chapter 1 Introduction to Children with Special Needs

  2. Ch. 1 Class Agenda • Ch1 Summary Paragraph • Begin with the end in mind! • Time Line of 9 Milestones • Preparation for HW#2 • The Early Interventionist • Small group activity • Interrelationships • Class discussion

  3. Summary • “Young children with special needs require careful attention by trained individuals to ensure a path of development that, as closely as possible, parallels that of children without disabilities. … the commitment of knowledgeable and skilled professionals can ensure that a high level of quality accompanies the increase in services.” pg 32, Young Children with Special Needs

  4. Chapter 1 Learning Objectives • Describe the 9 historical milestones • Describe the role of the Early Interventionist • Describe interrelationships between family, community, and special needs child

  5. 9 Historical Milestones • 1864: a college for the deaf is founded • 1930: US dept of H.E.W. establishes the Office of Exceptional Children • 1960s: Government Support Programs provide • Funds for local agency services • Funds for research • Funds for consulting services, information and training

  6. 1965: ESEA Elementary and Secondary Education Act • Funding provided for research and given to schools for children age 3-21 • Created the Bureau of Education for the Handicapped • 1968: Handicapped Children’s Early Education Assistance Act • First major recognition of specific importance of early education! • In 2002 this became the “Technical Assistance and Development Program” and it is now called “Early Education Program for Children with Disabilities”

  7. 1974: Head Start begins and is mandated to enroll at least 10% children with disabilities • 1974: PL94-142 - provides education for all handicapped children • Viewed as the first major legislation that motivated states to provide quality programs for children with special needs • Mandated that children were served in the “least restrictive environment” • Provisions (pg 7) • Identify, evaluate and serve all children • Protect each child’s rights • Assess and provide an IEP • Integrate children with their non handicapped peers whenever possible • Prohibits discrimination or denial of services

  8. 1986: PL 99-457 • Provided incentives to states to serve children from birth to age 2 • Introduced the IFSP (Individualized Family Services Plan) • 1990: Americans with Disabilities Act • provided “reasonable accommodation” • 1991: IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Act) • Mandatory services for all children age 3-5 • Formalized the philosophy of inclusiveness • Promotes serving children in their natural environment • Promotes early intervention • Provides funding for outreach, training and research

  9. Why Early Intervention? • Early intervention costs less than late intervention! • “The cumulative cost of serving a child through age 18 decreases in proportion to how early intervention begins.” (pg 15, Young Children with Special Needs)

  10. Whom Does The Early Interventionist Serve? • Two major groups of disabilities • Resulting from biological factors • Genetic abnormalities • Birth defects • Resulting from environmental factors • Prenatal - nutrition, teratogens, premature birth • Post natal - home/family, accident/injury, drugs/alcohol, maternal intelligence

  11. What Does the Early Interventionist Do? • Read pg 17-18 as a class • Small Group Activity- 5 groups • Select and read a vignette • 1.1, 1.2, 1.3A, 1.3B, 1.4 • Find and chart the main aspects of the early interventionist role • Present your picture of the early interventionist to the class

  12. Interrelationships • Child and family • What are the relationships between members? • What are the needs of each member? • Child and community • What services and resources are needed? • What services and resources are available? • Family and community • What resources are needed? • What resources are available? • What values are held by the family? • What values are held by the community?

  13. Partner wrap-up: • Why did Dionne choose this slide background? • What does the image on this slide background encourage you to do, professionally?

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