Smart Microgrid Technology

1. Smart Microgrid Technology 2010. 4. 8 Dr. Hak-Man Kim University of Incheon hmkim@incheon.ac.kr

2. Power Grid • An energy network related to generation, transmission, and distribution of electric power Presented by Hak-Man Kim @ UI

3. Configuration of Distribution System with MG Distribution system, Owned and operated by a power utility Medium/High level Power System Owned and operated by private owners Load Load Load . . . Microgrid 1 Microgrid N Load Presented by Hak-Man Kim @ UI

4. Paradigm Shift in Power Grid • Climatic Change Convention - Distributed Generation - Microgrid • Energy Market • Power IT - Smart Grid based on ICT - Cyber Security in Power Grid Presented by Hak-Man Kim @ UI

5. Smart Microgrid in Paradigm Shift of Power Grid Climatic Change Convention Energy Market Power IT Smart Microgrid Presented by Hak-Man Kim @ UI

6. Microgrid (MG) • Small power grid composed of distributed generators, storage devices, and loads Presented by Hak-Man Kim @ UI

7. Benefits of MG • The use of micro-generation based on combined heat and power (CHP) or small-scale renewable generation  reducing dependency on fossil fuels  reducing environmental pollution • During disturbances on the main network, Microgrids disconnect and continue to operate automatically  improving reliability and power quality to the consumer • Potentially, the expansion and operation costs of traditional power system can be reduced Presented by Hak-Man Kim @ UI

8. Research of MG • Recently, the development, research and demonstration program for the Microgrid are progressing in many countries. - Example: Japan • It is anticipated that Microgrid will leap into a commerce stage in the near future. NEDO: The New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization Presented by Hak-Man Kim @ UI

9. Example: Sendai Project(1) • Summary - NEDO’s Sendai Project - include PV micro-generation, gas engines, a molten carbon fuel cell, as well as series and shunt power compensation devices(Dynamic Voltage Restorers, DVRs) - located in Tohoku Fukushi University Presented by Hak-Man Kim @ UI

10. Example: Sendai Project(2) Located in Tohoku Fukushi University Presented by Hak-Man Kim @ UI

11. Example: Sendai Project(3) Presented by Hak-Man Kim @ UI

12. Operation Mode of MG • Important requirement of MG operation - to maintain a constant frequency such as 50 Hz or 60 Hz * real power (P) : freq↑(Ps>PD), freq↓(Ps<PD) • Grid-interconnected mode • - can trade power with the power grid for the shortage or surplus power in the • Microgrid • Islanded mode • - an isolated Microgrid by fault occurrence in the interconnected power grid or • geographical isolation such as an island - decrease in generation for supply excess load-shedding for supply shortage Presented by Hak-Man Kim @ UI

13. Smart MG • An autonomous MG • Necessity of Research • - economy of scale • - economic and efficient operation and management • - to protect privacy of small-scaled participants • Function • - operation & control • - protection & maintenance • - management • - etc. Presented by Hak-Man Kim @ UI

14. Agent-based Smart MG Presented by Hak-Man Kim @ UI

15. State vectors A1 Agents A2 Environment A3 A4 An Active Agents Action What is an Agent? • An intelligent agent, which is simply called an agent, can perceive its environment, make a decision against changes of the environment, and act to resolve them autonomously according to its design purpose Presented by Hak-Man Kim @ UI

16. Existing Multiagent System for MG • Dimeas and Hatziargyriou suggested a multiagent system based on an auction algorithm for Microgrid operation in the Grid-interconnected mode - competitive model based on auction market of power • Kim and Kinoshita suggested a cooperative multiagent system for Microgrid operation for the Grid-interconnected mode & Islanded mode - cooperative model based on the modified CNP Presented by Hak-Man Kim @ UI

17. MG Operation- Procedure - • In general, power Grids are operated by a plan for the next interval • We assumed that MG operation will be operated by a plan for next interval Presented by Hak-Man Kim @ UI

18. MG Operation - Grid-interconnected Mode - • Core of Microgrid operation : to maintain the frequency of Microgrid system in allowable ranges • Relationship between frequency and power if (Psupply> Pdemand) than freq↑, if (Psupply< Pdemand) than freq↓  balance is very important • Frequency Maintenance in Microgrid if (Psupply> Pdemand) than sell power to power grid or charge to storage if (Psupply< Pdemand) than buy power from power grid or discharge from storage Presented by Hak-Man Kim @ UI

19. MG Operation - Islanded Mode - Presented by Hak-Man Kim @ UI

20. Design of MAS for MG • Multiagent System for MG Ag = {AgMGOCC, AGL, AGDG, AGS, AgPG} • For communication among agents: a modified version of the Knowledge Query and Manipulation Language (KQML) is employed • - Massage form • (<performative> :from <agent name> :to <agent name> :content <OAV type data>) • For knowledge sharing among agents, the following template format is used: • (template name :ID identifier OAV type data list) • State transition function (T) Presented by Hak-Man Kim @ UI

21. Contract Net Protocol (CNP) Presented by Hak-Man Kim @ UI

22. Implementation • DASH multiagent platform as a development tool of agent systems • IDEA as a design environment of DASH agents • Java language for user defined functions Presented by Hak-Man Kim @ UI

23. Experiments • Islanded mode • Grid-interconnected mode Presented by Hak-Man Kim @ UI

24. Results of Experiments • Islanded mode • Grid-interconnected mode Presented by Hak-Man Kim @ UI

25. Future Work • Improve intelligence of Agents • - Game theory, Fuzzy, Neural Network, etc • Other Functions • - control • - protection • - maintenance • - management • - efficient communication links & security • - etc. • Test bed Presented by Hak-Man Kim @ UI

26. References • H.-M. Kim, and T. Kinoshita, " A Multiagent System for Microgrid Operation in the Grid-interconnected Mode”, accepted, Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology • H.-M. Kim, and T. Kinoshita, " A Multiagent System for Islanded Microgrid Operation”, submitted, IEICE Trans. on Communications • H.-M. Kim, and T. Kinoshita, " A Microgrid Operation based on a Power Market Environment,” Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Engineers, Vol. 23, No. 11, pp.61-68, Nov. 2009. • H.-M. Kim, and T. Kinoshita, " Multiagent System for Microgrid Operation based on a Power Market Environment,” INTELEC 2009, Songdo, Korea, Oct. 2009. • R.H. Lasseter, "Microgrids", IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting, 2001, vol. 1, pp. 146-149 • N. Hatziargyriou, H. Asano, H. R. Iravani, and C. Marnay, “Microgrids”, IEEE Power and Energy Magazine, Vol. 5, Issue 4, pp. 78-94, July-Aug. 2007 • A.L. Dimeas, and N.O. Hatziargyriou, “Operation of a Multiagent System for Microgrid Control”, IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol. 20, Issue 3, pp. 1447 –1455 Aug. 2005 Presented by Hak-Man Kim @ UI

27. Thanks for your kind attention!