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Tensile Properties of Used Paper/Recycled LDPE Blends Prepared by:

Tensile Properties of Used Paper/Recycled LDPE Blends Prepared by: Ayat Ata-Allah Hayfa Mubarakeh Supervised by: Eng . Shadi Sawalha. Contents. Problem Description Objectives Definitions Experimental Work Results and Discussion Conclusion Recommendation. The Problem.

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Tensile Properties of Used Paper/Recycled LDPE Blends Prepared by:

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  1. Tensile Properties of Used Paper/Recycled LDPE Blends Prepared by: Ayat Ata-Allah HayfaMubarakeh Supervised by: Eng. ShadiSawalha

  2. Contents • Problem Description • Objectives • Definitions • Experimental Work • Results and Discussion • Conclusion • Recommendation

  3. The Problem • Huge amounts of waste paper areproduced from schools, universities, libraries, printing centers, ...etc. • Large amountsof waste LDPE produced from local industries. • The non biodegradability of LDPE.

  4. Objectives • Reduce the amounts of waste paper and LDPE which pollute the environment. • Improve the properties of both paper and Low Density Polyethylene such as modulus of elasticity, ductility and others. • Enhance the biodegradability of LDPE.

  5. Definitions • Paper is a material composed of fibers that is converted to pulp and then to compact web, pressed and dried. • Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) is a thermoplastic made from oil. It is a highly processable material which is unreactive at room temperature and has low density.

  6. Cont… (Definitions) • Whey: is a byproduct from dairy industry such as yoghurt and labaneh. • Modulus of elasticity: is a measure of the material resistance to elastic deformation. • Ductility: is the ability of material to withstand plastic deformation up to fracture.

  7. Experimental Work Experimental work Statistical study of waste amount Recycling of paper Blending of paper and LDPE Testing Density Appearance Tensile test Using simple techniques Adding modifying agents Different products With paper as particles As composite sheets

  8. Cont… (Experimental Work) • Tensile test: This test was done by usingGunt Hamberg 310 WP apparatus, which was usedto find modulus of elasticity and ductility as percentage of elongation.

  9. Cont… (Experimental Work) Density: Was measured for the produced recycled paper by taking a small sample and measuring its mass to volume, this was done for three trials.

  10. Cont… (Experimental Work) Appearance: Softness, shining, color and coherence were observed for the papers produced.

  11. Recycling Process Collection of Waste Paper Paper Pulping Water Dirt Water Cleaning and Screening Waste Water Pressing Drying Final Product

  12. Results & Discussion From the statistical study: • 30 tons of waste paper are produced yearly at An-Najah National University. • One ton of waste LDPE is produced from each 30 tons raw material in the local plastic industries.

  13. Cont… (Results & Discussion) Recycled papers: • The recovery of the produced recycled paper was in the range of (77-80) wt%. • Density of the produced paper was equal to (277 Kg/m3).

  14. Cont… (Results & Discussion) • Improvement of paper’s modulus of elasticity

  15. Cont… (Results & Discussion) Paper and LDPE: • Recycled paper has (436Mpa) modulus of elasticity higher than(262Mpa) for LDPE; this means that if these two materials mixed together, the new product will have better characteristics, as shown in the following figure.

  16. Cont… (Results & Discussion)

  17. Cont… (Results & Discussion) • Blending of paper and LDPE: Paper as particles As filler to LDPE, paper can be used up to 10% as weight percent as shown in the following figure:

  18. Cont… (Results & Discussion)

  19. Cont… (Results & Discussion) • The relationship between ductility and the paper percentage is shown in the following figure.

  20. Cont… (Results & Discussion)

  21. Cont… (Results & Discussion) Paper as sheets: • Paper and LDPE can be used as composite sheets of multiple layers which can be used in many important applications. • For this case, the improvement of modulus of elasticity doesn’t depend on the percentage of paper only, but also on the sheets arrangement.

  22. Cont… (Results & Discussion)

  23. Cont… (Results & Discussion)

  24. Cont… (Results & Discussion)

  25. Applications • The produced recycled paper has many types of applications such as cartons, toilet paper, egg cartons and boxes for packaging. Carton Toilet Paper

  26. Cont… (Applications) • Sheets of recycled paper/LDPE have a wide range of uses such as: Handling bags, packaging material, cartons or boxes for transportation of goods and it could be used as a construction material.

  27. Related Studies Comparison with other previous study:

  28. Cont… (Results & Discussion)

  29. Conclusion • About 30 tons waste office paper is produced from An-Najah National University yearly. • A recovery with a range of (77-80) % can be achieved from paper recycling. • The density of the recycled paper produced was about (277 Kg/m3).

  30. Cont… (Conclusion) • Modulus of elasticity has a 17.4% improvement, and other properties of recycled paper can be improved by the addition of some modifying agents such as whey.

  31. Cont… (Conclusion) • Paper can be used as filler to LDPE up to 10% as weight percent. • Composite sheets of paper and LDPE can be used in many important applications.

  32. Recommendation • Starch can be used in the process of paper recycling to increase the absorbency of paper surface. • The squeeze of waste fruits and vegetables may cause gelatinization of paper, and so give less absorbency of its surface.

  33. Cont… (Recommendation) • Heating of paper pulp during the recycling process facilitate the deinking and discoloring of paper. • Carbonizing of waste paper can be done for many purposes such as a source of energy or to blend it with recycled LDPE.

  34. Cont… (Recommendation) • Waste paper could Also be used as thermal isolation material. • Small particles of waste paper can be merged with LDPE in the extruder, but drying should be obtained before each process.

  35. Cont… (Recommendation) • Biodegradation of Waste paper produces methane gas which could be used as fuel. • Further experiments with different values of temperature and pressing period of composite sheets may give wider range of better results.

  36. Huge amounts of waste LDPE Using modifying agents Huge amounts of waste paper Non Biodegrad-ability of LDPE Blending of Paper & LDPE Recycling of paper Problem Objectives Solution Increase biodegrade-bility of LDPE Reduce amounts of waste Properetiesimprovment

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