Chapter 10 Section 5 Get book and Open to page 388

1. Chapter 10 Section 5Get book and Open topage 388

2. Anticipatory Set

3. Reproduction in Seed Plants Big Idea

4. California Standards Science Standard 7.2.a: Students know the differences between the life cycle and reproduction methods of sexual and asexual organisms. Science Standard 7.5.f: Students know the structures and processes by which flowering plants generate pollen, ovules, seeds, and fruit. • Characteristics of gymnosperms and angiosperms.

5. Input • Gymnosperm – a seed plant that produces naked seeds. • Cones – gymnosperms reproductive structures. • Ovule – a structure that contains an ovum, or egg cell. • Angiosperm – a flowering plant. • Flower – the reproductive structure of an angiosperm.

6. Input • Sepals – a leaflike structure that encloses a flower when it is still a bud. • Petals – The most colorful parts of the flower. • Pollination – the transfer of pollen from a male reproductive structure to a female reproductive structure. • Stamens – a flowers male reproductive structures.

7. Input • Pistils – a flowers female reproductive structures. • Ovary – protects the seeds as they develop. • Fruit – a ripened ovary and other structures that enclose on or more seeds. • Monocots – angiosperms that have only one seed leaf. • Dicots – angiosperms that have two seed leaves.

8. InputGymnosperms • All gymnosperms produce naked seeds. Many gymnosperms have needle-like or scalelike leaves, and deep growing root systems. • Gymnosperms produce seeds that are not enclosed be fruits. • Gymnosperms are the oldest type of seed plants. (first appeared on earth about 360 million years ago. • Only four groups of gymnosperms exist today. (cycads, conifers, ginkgoes, and gnetophytes)

9. InputTypes of Gymnosperms • Cycads • 175 million years ago, the majority of plants were cycads • Grow mainly in the tropical and subtropical areas • Look like palm trees with cones, and cones can grow as large a a football • Conifers • The largest and most diverse group of gymnosperms today. • They are cone bearing • Keep their leaves/needles all year long • Pines, sequoias, and junipers

10. InputTypes of Gymnosperms • Ginkgoes • Only one species exist today (ginkobiloba) • Plantedalong city streets because they can tolerate air pollution • Gnetophytes • Live in hot deserts and tropical rainforests. • Consists of trees, shrubs and vines

11. Input Gymnosperm Life Cycle • Most gymnosperms have reproductive structures called cones. • Most gymnosperms produce two types of cones. Male cones and female cones. • Male cones produce tiny grains of pollen- the male gametophyte. The pollen contains the cells that later become sperm cells • Each scale on a male cone produces thousands of pollen grains.

12. Input Gymnosperm Life Cycle • The female gametophyte develops in structures called ovules. • Female cones contain at least one ovule at the base of each scale. After fertilization occurs the ovule develops into a seed. • Pollen falls from a male cone onto a female cone. A sperm cell and egg cell join together in an ovule on the female cone.

13. Input Differentation

14. Input How Cells Differentiate • During development, cells become fixed – or set- in how they will differentiate. • The instructions that will determine what will happen is coded in the DNA in its nucleus. • Differentiation occurs when certain sections of DNA are turned off. The active DNA then guides the development of the cell. • Once a cell’s future has been determined, when and how much it will changes depends on its DNA, its function, and the type of organism. • Some cells differentiate completely during development, others do not change until later.

15. Input Cell Differentiaton Among Animals • Once human cells differentiate, they usually lose their ability to become other types of cells. • Ex: a blood cell CANNOT change into a skin cell • Humans do produce cells called STEM CELLS that can differentiate throughout life. • Stem Cells exist all around the body, and respond to specific needs in the body by becoming specialized. • EX: production of red and white blood cells.

16. Input Angiosperms • All angiosperms share two important traits. • They produce flowers • In contrast with gymnosperms, which produce uncovered seeds, angiosperms produce seeds that are enclosed in fruits. • Angiosperms live almost everywhere on earth. They grow in frozen areas in the Arctic, tropical jungles, barren deserts, and at the oceans edge. • unlike gymnosperms, angiosperms produce fruit.

17. Input Angiosperm Life Cycle

18. Finish the Front of Notes on your own • Across Discipline: Language Arts (compare and contrast the life cycles of a gymnosperm and angiosperm) • Patterns: Draw and label The Structure of a flower (page 393) • Question: Write a question and answer it. • Different Perspectives: The differences in cell differentiation from an animal cell and plant cell • Summary: Write a summary of what you have learned.

19. Finish the Front of Notes on your own • Across Discipline: Language Arts (compare and contrast the life cycles of a gymnosperm and angiosperm) • Patterns: Draw and label The Structure of a flower (page 393) • Question: Write two questions and answerthem. • Different Perspectives: The differences in cell differentiation from an animal cell and plant cell • Summary: Write a summary of what you have learned.