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United Nations

United Nations. History 12 Ms Leslie. First talked about in the 1941 Atlantic Charter. Name came up in the 1942 Washington meetings. At Yalta the voting procedures of the Security Council. San Francisco Conference, 1945, 50 nations signed the United Nations Charter.

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United Nations

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  1. United Nations History 12 Ms Leslie

  2. First talked about in the 1941 Atlantic Charter. • Name came up in the 1942 Washington meetings. • At Yalta the voting procedures of the Security Council. • San Francisco Conference, 1945, 50 nations signed the United Nations Charter.

  3. Changed since it’s inception – 3rd world countries are the bulk of membership. • Good for reducing tensions, negotiating cease-fires, help with social and economic development • Universal declaration of Human Rights – Baseline for all nations to strive for

  4. Structure of the UN General Assembly • All members get 1 vote. • Meets every September • Talk about International Problems • Elects Security Council members • 2/3 majority vote needed to make decisions

  5. The Security Council • Originally had 11 members • 5 of which were permanent – China, France, UK, USA and USSR • Other 6 elected for 2 year terms • 1960 – increased to 10 nonpermanent members • Take action in time of crisis.

  6. Permanent members have veto power so little action has been taken. • In 1950 changed the rules so that if something is vetoed the assembly can meet within 24 hours to decide action with a 2/3 majority. • This has not been added to the charter as the USSR never agreed to it.

  7. The Secretariat • Administrative work – minutes, translating • Headed by the Secretary General on a 5 year term

  8. International Court of Justice • At The Hague, Netherlands • 15 judges elected for 3 years terms by Assembly. • Decisions not binding and nothing to ensure compliance • Good for arbitration

  9. Trusteeship Council • Replaced the Mandate system • Help new territories prepare for independence • No longer in use as there are no trustees

  10. Economic and Social Council • 27 members for 3 year terms. 9 change each year. • Promote health, education and socio-economic progress. • WHO, ILO, UNESCO, UNICEF, IMF

  11. UN Peace Keeping • To deal with crisis militarily • Has had little success. • The success it’s had was with there were no great powers involved.

  12. Some of the peacekeeping: • 1946 – Dutch East Indies – fighting in West New Guinea – resulted in WNG going to Indonesia • 1947 – Palestinia and Israel – arranged the partitioning and the birth of Israel. • 1950-1953- Korean War – first collective security actions under the UN

  13. 1956- Suez Canal Crisis – Helped dispel aggression • 1956- Hungarian uprising – USSR vetoed. • 1960-64 – Belgian Congo Civil War. Provided 20,000 troops to restore order • 1968 – Prague Spring – USSR vetoed again

  14. Pessimistic view of UN Hasn’t really done much Powerless in crises like Vietnam and Cold War Court rulings non-binding – what’s the point?

  15. Optimistic view • Great for new members to get experience • Only forum where 150 nations meet regularly • Elimination of small pox

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