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Academic Track XBRL development in Europe: identifying explanatory factors

Academic Track XBRL development in Europe: identifying explanatory factors Ignacio Boixo and Enrique Bonsón, XBRL Spain April 21 st , 2010. Contents. Level of development of XBRL Hypotheses and explanatory variables The model. XBRL development.

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Academic Track XBRL development in Europe: identifying explanatory factors

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  1. Academic Track XBRL development in Europe: identifying explanatory factors Ignacio Boixo and Enrique Bonsón, XBRL Spain April 21st, 2010

  2. Contents • Level of development of XBRL • Hypotheses and explanatory variables • The model

  3. XBRLdevelopment • The following 6 sequential steps of XBRL jurisdiction development can be identified: • Without formal structure: step 0 • Provisional Jurisdiction: step 1 • Permanent Jurisdiction: step 2 • National Taxonomies: step 3 • Public XBRL reports available: step 4 • Public XBRL reports successfully exploited: step 5

  4. Dummy Yes =0 No =1 This allows each country to be classified from Y=0 to Y=5 Additional information for the analysis

  5. Explanatoryvariables • Some of the explanatory factors, at the country level, that can be explored: • Economic wealth • Level of education • Level of usage of ICTs • Style of government/administration

  6. ListingofHypotheses • H1: Economic wealth of a country positively influence XBRL development since more resources are available for the implementation of the jurisdiction. • H2 + H3: Levels of education and usage of ICTs positively influence XBRL development through the availability of more and better qualified human resources for the implementation of the jurisdiction. • H4: The country’s category, within the EU, that reflects a particular differentiated style of public administration in its governmental agencies, makes the country’s level of XBRL development significantly different.

  7. Hypothesizedrelationships b a EDUCATION + GDP per capita • As stated by Siau and Long, 2006, the economic situation of a country can influence its ability to adopt particular e-government initiatives. • Kim, 2007,explains that prior technological and educational development is a prerequisite for the implementation of IT. • Pina et al. (2009 divided the EU-15 into categories defined by a specific style of administration. In our opinion, this framework can be applied to the EU-27 grouping as an additional explanatory factor to be explored, by adding a new category for eastern countries. XBRL development ICTs USAGE + + c Style of administration - region

  8. Explanatoryvariablesoperationalization • Data provided by EUROSTAT • Country GDP per capita • GDP per capita (purchasing parity power) for the year 2009, • Levels of education • Tertiary/further education graduates (per 1 000 of population aged 20-29). • Level of usage of ICTs • Measured using Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (%) as a proxy

  9. Stylesofpublicadministration • Anglo-Saxon • Managerial approach • Efficiency in terms of economic values • Likely to introduce market mechanisms • Germanic • Bureaucratic system • Complex relationships among federal institutions • Strong regulation Nordic • Unified, not federal states • Decisions by negotiation and consultation • Efficiency in terms of users´ satisfaction • Southern European • Influenced strongly by French legal style • Some degree of decentralization but with a powerful central government that collects most taxes

  10. Administration styles Nordic Anglo-Saxon Germanic Southern European Other

  11. Presentingthemodel • If the variable to be explained, the level of development of XBRL, presents only a positive value (0 to 5), then the appropriate statistical technique for analyzing the data and the hypotheses is the TOBIT regression model, proposed by James Tobin (1958), also called “censored data regression”. • Feature of Model: • Left censored 0, right censored 5.

  12. XBRL use Nordic Anglo-Saxon Germanic Southern European Other

  13. XBRL GAAP Nordic Anglo-Saxon Germanic Southern European Other

  14. Banking Nordic Anglo-Saxon Germanic Southern European Other

  15. Jurisdictions Nordic Anglo-Saxon Germanic Southern European Other

  16. Public reports Nordic Anglo-Saxon Germanic Southern European Other

  17. Countries ordered by XBRL evolution

  18. Countries ordered by GDP per capita

  19. Countries ordered by Tertiary education

  20. Countries ordered by Research & Develop.

  21. Nordic + + GDP per capita % of GDP in R&D + + - - Other

  22. Your suggestions are more than welcome. • Many thanks for your attention. • boixo@bde.es • bonson@uhu.es • References • EUROSTAT, (2010): http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/eurostat/home/ • http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/statistics/search_database • KIM Ch.K. (2007): “A cross-national analysis of global E-government”, Public Organization Review, vol. 7: 317-329. • Pina et al. (2009): “E-government evolution in EU local governments: a comparative perspective” Online Information Review, 33,6. • SIAU, K.; LONG, Y. (2006): “Using social development lenses to understand E-government development”, Journal of Global Information Management, vol. 14, n. 1: 47-62. • Tobin, James (1958), "Estimation for relationships with limited dependent variables", Econometrica 26 (1).

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