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World War II

World War II. Prelude to Global War. U.S. and other developed countries suffered from severe economic depression Europe became a hotbed of tension. . . several factors would lead to a second world war. Causes of WWII. Major factors that set stage for world war: Treaty of Versailles

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World War II

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  1. World War II

  2. Prelude to Global War • U.S. and other developed countries suffered from severe economic depression • Europe became a hotbed of tension. . . several factors would lead to a second world war.

  3. Causes of WWII • Major factors that set stage for world war: • Treaty of Versailles • Rise of Dictators • Appeasement

  4. 1. Treaty of Versailles • Ended WWI (1919) • Germany forced to: • Accept War Guilt Clause • Give up territory • Pay reparations • Reduce armaments • Germany resented this treaty • Wanted revenge

  5. http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www2.bc.edu/~heineman/maps/germaus.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www2.bc.edu/~heineman/maps/1930smaps.html&h=472&w=665&sz=70&hl=en&sig2=cyTstvPntlEiyN7lBq-RoQ&start=40&tbnid=YzLL4OuuNHh0BM:&tbnh=98&tbnw=138&ei=Z0ccRvSFIoSmhQS-rJSDDA&prev=/images%3Fq%3DGerman%2B1938%2Bmap%26start%3D36%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D18%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN

  6. 2. Rise of Dictators • Dictator: totalitarian leader with ultimate power • Totalitarian leaders rose to power in: • Italy • Soviet Union • Japan (military leaders) • Germany

  7. Mussolini in Italy • Benito Mussolini founded Fascist Party in Italy after WWI • Fascism: welfare of state (nation) is placed above that of the individual • Became leader of Italy in 1922 • Called himself Il Duce “the leader” • http://www.rhul.ac.uk/Resources/graphics/news-images/mussolini.jpg

  8. Stalin In the Soviet Union • Josef Stalin rose to power after the death of Lenin in 1924 • Brutal and ruthless • Signed non-aggression pact with Germany

  9. Military Leaders in Japan • Military became more important during the Depression years • Japan wanted to control Asia • Needed natural resources • 1931-Invaded Manchuria, a province of China, for resources • U.S. became alarmed • Cut off trade with Japan • Began to build up military presence in Pacific

  10. http://www.adoptionblogs.com/media/China%20Adoption/Japanese_Empire2.pnghttp://www.adoptionblogs.com/media/China%20Adoption/Japanese_Empire2.png

  11. Hitler in Germany • Adolf Hitler

  12. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Hitler%27s_Paintings_-_Landscape.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Hitler%27s_Paintings_-_Landscape.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/ac/AHWatercolor1.jpg

  13. 3. Appeasement • Appeasement: policy of giving someone what they want • Hitler wanted to unite German-speaking people of Europe • 1936: Invaded Rhineland (DMZ bordering France) • 1938: Annexed Austria • 1938: Annexed Sudetenland (part of Czechoslovakia) • Czech. Was closely tied to England • Munich Conference: Sept. 1938 • Britain and France agreed to allow Hitler to keep new lands IF he promised not to invade any other territories

  14. http://www.libraries.psu.edu/maps/text/EUR1938tn.jpg

  15. The War Begins

  16. Invasion of Poland • September 1, 1939: World War II began with the German invasion of Poland • Great Britain and France declared war on Germany on September 3.

  17. Allied Powers Great Britain France Soviet Union United States Axis Powers Germany Italy Japan Major Alliances during WWII

  18. Blitzkrieg • Hitler used a tactic called Blitzkrieg “Lightning Warfare” to easily defeat Poland • Massive coordinated air and land attacks • Poland fell to Germany in October 1939

  19. Maginot Linehttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Maginot_Line_ln-en.jpg/800px-Maginot_Line_ln-en.jpg

  20. German Advance into Western Europe • Hitler went north and easily defeated the Netherlands and Denmark • May, 1940- Hitler launched blitzkrieg through Luxembourg and Belgium in route to France. • Great Britain and France move most of their forces north to defend French border w/ Belgium. • Crucial mistake b/c it left French border with Luxembourg under defended. Germans easily pushed into France.

  21. France falls to Germany • The Allies were trapped to north as Germans moved into France. • Unable to retreat and were forced to quickly evacuate by air and water. • Thousands of Allied troops died and they were forced to leave behind valuable supplies • June, 1940: France fell to the Germans. • Hitler set up a puppet government in France to help maintain control of the newly conquered territory

  22. The Battle of Britain • Great Britain refused to give up • Winston Churchill (P.M. of G.B.) said “we shall never surrender” • G.B. was separated from rest of Europe by English Channel and Hitler knew he would have to attack by air • Sent his Luftwaffe (air force) to attack Britain • Known as the Battle of Britain

  23. Battle of Britain • Britain was defended by the Royal Air Force (RAF) • RAF used a new technology to help defeat German pilots • Radar: could detect incoming planes and intercept them • Great Britain was able to hold out. By November, 1940, Hitler changed his tactics and cancelled the invasion of Britain

  24. Hitler turns on the USSR • The Soviet Union and Germany had signed a non-aggression pact before the war began (Nazi-Soviet Pact) • Hitler saw USSR as a great place to conquer new lands • He went back on his agreement with Stalin and invaded the Soviet Union in June, 1941.

  25. United States Joins the War

  26. Tension with Japan • U.S. and Japanese relations were very tense • Japan was sinking Allied ships- U.S. angered • U.S. cut off trade with Japan and began sending aid to China (most of which was under Japanese control)

  27. Pearl Harbor • Japanese continued negotiations with U.S. • Secretly planning a surprise attack • Wanted to cripple the U.S. fleet in the Pacific • U.S. feared attack was imminent, but did not know where • Believed the U.S. controlled Philippines was the most likely target • Attack came at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii

  28. Pearl Harbor • December 7, 1941 • Japanese surprise attack at Pearl Harbor • U.S. suffered heavy damage • Over 2,000 men and women killed • 21 ships sank or destroyed • 188 planes destroyed • December 8, 1941: U.S. Congress voted to declare war on Japan • December 11- both Italy and Germany declare war on the U.S.

  29. http://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2004/winter/images/pearl-harbor.jpghttp://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2004/winter/images/pearl-harbor.jpg

  30. USS Arizonahttp://www.sheppardsoftware.com/images/Europe/factfile/USSArizonaPearlHarbor.jpg

  31. The Early Battles • War took on two major fronts • Europe • Pacific • Allies were not ready for an invasion into mainland Europe • Began to attack German-controlled territory in North Africa

  32. WWII in North Africa • German forces in Africa led by Erwin Rommel- nicknamed “Desert Fox” • British and U.S. planned to trap Rommel in N. Africa and force his surrender • British moved in from the east • Eisenhower and George Patton led the U.S. forces from the west • U.S. invasion of Africa known as Operation Torch • By 1943, Germans had lost control of Africa

  33. Operation Torchhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Operation_Torch_-_map.jpg/800px-Operation_Torch_-_map.jpg http://www.solarnavigator.net/history/explorers_history/erwin_rommel_iron_cross.jpg

  34. Battle of the Atlantic • Throughout much of the war, Germans used submarines to control the waters of the Atlantic • Sank hundreds of Allied ships • Destroyed millions of tons of supplies and cargo • Allies began to employ use of radar, sonar, and depth charges to fight subs • Were slowly able to take control of the Atlantic

  35. http://misc.kitreview.com/shipreviews/images/icmtypexxiiireviewgp_box_a.jpghttp://misc.kitreview.com/shipreviews/images/icmtypexxiiireviewgp_box_a.jpg

  36. Turning Point in Europe • Battle of Stalingrad: turning pt. in Europe • May 1942, Hitler ordered troops to advance into the heart of Soviet Union • Wanted to seize Stalingrad and crush the Soviet economy • Reached city in Sept., but Soviets refused to give up • By Nov. Germans were in trouble • Running short on supplies and unable to deal with harsh winter • Feb., 1943: Germans lose Battle of Stalingrad and are forced to retreat

  37. Germans put on the defense • By 1943, Germans were on the defensive, no longer gaining ground • Allies began extensive bombing in Germany • Dropped 53,000 tons of explosives each month • Allies began invasion of Sicily and Italy

  38. http://www.map-of-italy.net/images/italy-map.gif

  39. Allied victory in Italy • Allies move from North Africa into Sicily and Italy • Sept. 1943- Mussolini was overthrown and Italy seemed ready to surrender • Hitler sent reinforcements to protect Mussolini and Italy • Rome liberated in June, 1944 • Some fighting continued until April, 1945 • Mussolini attempted to flee the country; was captured and executed (April, 1945)

  40. http://cache.viewimages.com/xc/3312443.jpg?v=1&c=ViewImages&k=2&d=11B127B063386F610727E0BFF5F97F74A55A1E4F32AD3138http://cache.viewimages.com/xc/3312443.jpg?v=1&c=ViewImages&k=2&d=11B127B063386F610727E0BFF5F97F74A55A1E4F32AD3138

  41. Operation Overlord • Allies began to plan a massive invasion of western Europe to liberate France • Code named “Operation Overlord” • Millions of troops and supplies were sent to England to await “D-Day” • Allies planned to cross the English Channel and storm the beaches of Normandy

  42. Operation Overlord • Allies had to wait for the perfect opportunity to launch the invasion • On June 6, 1944, Eisenhower gave order for D-Day invasion to begin • Hundreds of thousands of Allied troops landed on the beaches • U.S. landed on beaches code named “Utah” and “Omaha” • Met heavy resistance by Germans, but were able to break through and advance toward Paris

  43. http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0206/feature1/images/mp_full.1.jpghttp://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0206/feature1/images/mp_full.1.jpg

  44. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Seconde-guerre-mondiale-debarquement-LCVP-6juin1944.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Seconde-guerre-mondiale-debarquement-LCVP-6juin1944.jpg http://www.orbitcast.com/archives/d-day.jpg http://cache.viewimages.com/xc/3090195.jpg?v=1&c=ViewImages&k=2&d=552D90A84D8CF98077027547E6E95278A55A1E4F32AD3138 http://cache.viewimages.com/xc/3090196.jpg?v=1&c=ViewImages&k=2&d=552D90A84D8CF980A810E97B9434629EA55A1E4F32AD3138

  45. Liberation of Paris • D-Day invasion was a success • August 25, 1944- Paris was liberated from Nazi control • Allies begin to push Germans back • Soviet Union advancing from the east • U.S., France and Great Britain advancing from the west

  46. Battle of the Bulge • Germany was losing ground and Hitler decided to make one last offensive move • Dec., 1945- German troops met Allied troops in the Ardennes Forest near the German border • Hit Allies so hard it caused their lines to bulge

  47. http://www.45thdivision.org/CampaignsBattles/Ardennes_Alsace/map2lg.jpghttp://www.45thdivision.org/CampaignsBattles/Ardennes_Alsace/map2lg.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:P41%28map%29.jpg

  48. Battle of the Bulge • Germans were aided by poor weather conditions • Allies were nearly defeated, but received critical reinforcements • January, 1945: Allies were able to defeat the Germans at the Battle of the Bulge (Battle of Ardennes Forest)

  49. Victory in Europe http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Adolf_Hitler • Allies continued to advance toward Germany • April 30, 1945: Hitler knew his war was over • Committed suicide and his body was burned • May 7, 1945: V-E Day (Victory in Europe) • Germans officially surrendered • War was over in Europe

  50. http://news.bbc.co.uk/nol/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/05/uk_ve_day_newspapers/img/1.jpghttp://news.bbc.co.uk/nol/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/05/uk_ve_day_newspapers/img/1.jpg

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