Bell Work

1. Bell Work • Where does cellular respiration take place in the cell? • Where does photosynthesis take place in the cell?

2. Intro to Biology – Lecture 43 Cell Storage Facilities

3. Vacuoles • Storage Bins (bubbles) in the Cells • Large in plant cells, small in animal cells • Plant cell volume depends on the size of the vacuole.

4. Vacuoles • In a factory, vacuoles would be storage facilities • store food nutrients or water a cell might need to survive • store waste products so the rest of the cell is protected from contamination

5. Vacuole Structure • membrane that surrounds a mass of fluid

6. In Plants • When water is scarce, vacuoles are empty and plants droop. • When water is plentiful, plants stand tall because of the full vacuole. • They still look like plants because the cell wall hold them up even with empty vacuoles.

8. Ribosomes • Make Proteins (enzymes/support for other cell functions) • Connect one amino acid at a time and build long chainsto make proteins • In a factory, ribosomes are the construction workers.

9. Where are Ribosomes • In the cytoplasm (proteins used in the cell) • In the endoplasmic reticulum (proteins used in the cell and transported outside the cell)

10. Ribosome Structure • Eukaryotic Cells • Two subunits - 60-S (large) and 40-S (small) • Prokaryotic Cells • Two subunits - 50-S and 30-S

11. Making Proteins • mRNA made in the nucleus is sent to the ribsomes • two subunits come together and lock onto the mRNA to start making the protein by pulling amino acids off of tRNA floating in the cell.

12. Endoplasmic Reticulum • The packaging system of the cell • In a factory, it would be the packing center

13. The Endoplasmic Reticulum • Works with the Golgi apparatus, ribososmes, RNA, mRNA, and tRNA.

14. The Endoplasmic Structure • Rough ER • Has ribosomes attached to it • Looks bumpy • Smooth ER • No ribosomes • Looks like tubes

15. Endoplasmic Reticulum

16. The Purpose of the ER • Smooth ER - storage organelle • Stores steroids and ions

17. The Purpose of the ER • Rough ER - When protein synthesis is completed by ribosomes they are sent to the Rough ER. • It pinches off a vesicle. • That vesicle (bubble) can move to the cell membrane or the Golgi apparatus.

18. The Process

19. Golgi Apparatus • (Gogli complex, Gogle Body) • packaging organelle like the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

20. The Gogli’s Job • Gathers simple molecules and combines them to make molecules that are more complex • Big molecules are made into vesicles • builds lysosomes(cell digestion machines) • In plants, create complex sugars and send them off in secretory vesicles.

21. How are Vesicles Created? • In the same way the ER does it. • The vesicles are pinched off the membranes and float through the cell.

22. Working with the ER • When a protein is made in the ER, so is a transition vesicle. is made. • Vesicles floats to the Gogli. • The Gogli uses what it wants, then releases it with a secretory vesicle back to the cytoplasm. • The vesicle moves to the cell membrane and the molecules are released out of the cell.

23. Gogli Apparatus

24. Gogli Structure • A series of membranes shaped like pancakes. • The membrane surrounds an area of fluid where the complex molecules (proteins, sugars, enzymes) are stored and changed. • Because the Golgi complex absorbs vesicles from the rough ER, you will also find ribosomes inside.