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Chapter 37. The Aftermath of World War II. World Bank. Was created to provide money for countries to recover and rebuild after World War II. United Nations.
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Chapter 37 The Aftermath of World War II
World Bank • Was created to provide money for countries to recover and rebuild after World War II.
United Nations • Was created in 1945 with 50 member nations with the purpose to provide peace and security. The UN was established to provide a forum for countries to solve problems without war.
Four Freedoms • Were first proposed by President Franklin Roosevelt in a speech in 1941. he proclaimed that people had a right to freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom from want and freedom from fear.
Universal Declaration of Human Rights • Was adopted by the United Nations in 1948. It affirmed the basic human rights to life, liberty, equality before the law as well as freedom of religion, assembly and expression.
Nuremberg War Crimes Trails • Were used to try members of the Nazi regime for crimes against humanity such as persecution and extermination.
GI Bill of Rights • Was established to provide benefits to returning soldiers for use in attending colleges, buy houses or other options.
Geneva Conventions • Established rules for sick and captured soldiers during war.
International criminal Court • Was established to try individuals for crimes against humanity, genocide and other war crimes.
1 • Franklin Roosevelt pushed for international organizations to promote economic and diplomatic ties between nations. IN 1944, the United States hosted a meeting at which delegates drafted a charter for the United Nations. The eventual charter borrowed ideas from FDR’s “Four Freedoms” speech, in which he described a world of free countries working together, Eleanor Roosevelt chaired the committee that drafted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948.
2 • International Monetary Fund: Established uniform exchange rates of currency between countries, making trade easier. World Bank: This bank created in 1944, provided loans to help countries recover from World War II and developed their economies. General Agreement on tariffs and Trade: Signed in 1947, lowered tariffs and other barriers to trade among its 23 member nations. These actions were intended to spur economic recovery to specific countries and of the world economy as a whole.
3 • Set up a parliamentary government with a strong legislature and an independent judiciary; gave women the right to vote and elected representatives to the parliament; included a bill of rights that ensured civil and political liberties; stated that “the Japanese people forever renounce war…and the threat or use of force as means of settling international disputes.”
4 • The GI Bill provided funds for more that two million veterans to attend college and for another seven million to receive vocational training. It also provided GIs with low interest loans to start businesses or buy homes and farms.
5 • Not all African Americans were able to make use of the GI Bill. Discrimination often prevented black veterans from buying the home they wanted or any home at all—even though they had the money. Segregation kept them out of many colleges. Still, in the years following the war, thousand of African Americans did buy homes using the GI Bill. Thousand also received an college education mainly through attending historicaly black colleges.
6 • After the war, women felt a duty to step aside and let men take their spots in the workplace. But because many women wanted to keep working, they moved into jobs as teachers, nurses librarians, bank tellers and social workers.
