1 / 38

Mughal Empire India

Mughal Empire India. The beginning of an Empire A. 700’s Muslim tribes from Central Asia invade India and set up many small kingdoms-not unified 1. descendants of Genghis Khan 2. called themselves Mughals means “Mongols”

oakley
Download Presentation

Mughal Empire India

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Mughal Empire India

  2. The beginning of an Empire • A. 700’s Muslim tribes from Central • Asia invade India and set up • many small kingdoms-not unified • 1. descendants of Genghis Khan • 2. called themselves Mughals • means “Mongols” • 3. begin a clash between Hindus and • Muslims

  3. Around 1,000 AD strong Turks • loosely unite the warlords • 1. Delhi is made the capital • 2. Delhi Sultanate is set up (Sultan) • 3. continued persecution of the Hindus • 4. In control of India from 1206-1526

  4. II. The Hindu Religion A. What it is… 1. A way of life 2. a philosophy 3. a social system

  5. B. Origins 1. no founder 2. no main authority to follow 3. no religious book like the Bible a. based on oral traditions and history b. written down in “Vedas” in Sanskrit contains psalms, prayers, chants, and magical charms c. use epic stories that tell their beliefs Ramayana and Mahabharata

  6. C. Beliefs: (many different sects) 1. Pantheism : god is everywhere and in everything, every tree, particle of matter, animal 2. Supreme Being: Brahman which is the universal force of life. All life is “atman” and is part of this universal force, therefore Brahman has many different forms and functions 3. Polytheistic: because Brahman has many forms this led to belief in many gods a. Brahma—creator b. Vishnu---the preserver c. Shiva --- the destroyer

  7. Brahma Vishnu Shiva

  8. Ganesha

  9. 4. Tolerant : adding new beliefs to ancient ones and accepting many other beliefs led to various forms of Hinduism

  10. C. 4 Chief Unifying Beliefs 1. Reincarnation: a person’s soul never dies only the body does, you are reborn in another body or animal, cycle keeps going till you reach Moksha: final state of salvation, your soul is freed to join Brahman the universal force of life, no more reincarnation 2. Karma: deed– a person’s actions in life determine his or her future in the rebirth life 3. Dharma: set of rules that must be followed by each living thing 4. Ahimsa: nonviolence

  11. D. Some Religious Practices 1. Pilgrimages to holy cities 2. Bathe in sacred rivers 3. wash hands and feet before praying 4. Most are vegetarians

  12. E. Caste System 1. originated with Aryans in the Indus Valley Civilization as a slave/servant system 2. People are divided into groups based on birth, occupation, purity or pollution. You can’t get out of your caste till your rebirth.

  13. 3. 4 Main Castes (Varna) a. Brahmans: priestly, cultured elite b. Kshatriyas: warrior class, ruling aristocracy known as rajputs c. Vaisyas: farmer, professional artisan d. Sudras: servant 4. Evolved to thousands of castes with thousands of sub-castes

  14. 5. Untouchables 40 million a. outside the castes---”outcasters” “Harijans” “OBC”—other backward class b. unfit to worship in temples c. unfit to use public roads d. children can’t play with other caste children e. lowest occupations---street cleaners, tanners f. Gandhi helped their condition by outlawing untouchability and making discrimination punishable by law

  15. F. Castes System in India Today 1. still alive, but weaker in some areas 2. people moving to the cities where mingling of people has blurred the lines 3. most people live in villages where caste lines are very much drawn 4. growth of industry and need for employees has weakened the lines

  16. II. Other Religions in India B. Jainism 1. more rigorous than Hinduism 2. Can’t kill any living creature 3. Can’t eat meat at all 4. Can’t tell lies or steal anything 5. Usually found in Western India, mostly wealthy merchants A. Islam

  17. C. Buddhism 1. less than 1% but beliefs have filtered into Hinduism 2. Try to reach “nirvana”

  18. D. Sikhs –from Punjab 1. Tried to combine Hinduism and Islam (17th century) 2. one god—beliefs come from Guru Granth Sahib 3. Believe in reincarnation but not caste system 4. Don’t cut hair, wear under a turban 5. Don’t use tobacco or alcohol 6. wear iron bracelets and two edged dagger great warriors 7. most sacred site---Golden Temple in Amritsar

  19. 8. Fought the last Mughal rulers and gained territory in the NW providence of Punjab 9. 5% of the population, still fighting for autonomy

  20. III. The rise of the Mughal Empire A. Babur (1483- 1530) “the Tiger” 1. Afghan leader-Uzbekistan 2. conquers the Delhi Sultanate area and unifies it (1526) 3. Founded the Mughal Muslim Indian Dynasty

  21. Koh-i-noor Diamond

  22. IV. The Golden Age A. Akbar the Great (1556- 1605) 1. Military conqueror a. artillery was used b. used rajputs as officers c. united 100 million people

  23. 2. Religious Tolerance a. allowed all religions to practice their faith b. personal tolerance—married Hindu wives c. revoked non-Muslim tax and Hindu pilgrimmage tax

  24. 3. Government Reform a. allowed natives and foreigners to rule together b. allowed Hindus and Muslims to rule together c. graduated income tax d. land grants to his bureaucrats

  25. 4. Arts and Literature a. Language i. Persian—court language ii. Hindi- common language iii. Urdu- soldier language (Arabic, Persian, and Hindi blend) b. miniature paintings c. literature—Ramayana 24,000 book library d. architecture- red sandstone with intricate stonework

  26. Red Fort at Agar

  27. ii. Fatehpur Sikri

  28. B. Jahangir and Nur Jahan 1. son Khusrau turned against his father 2. Hatred of the Sikhs begins C. Shah Jahan 1. loved beautiful buildings 2. loved his wife Mumtaz Mahal a. memorial tomb: Taj Mahal b. taxes increased/ famine came

  29. Peacock Throne Peacock Throne in Golestan Palace, Iran

  30. http://www.taj-mahal.net/augEng/main_screen.htm

  31. V. Decline of the Empire A. Aurangzeb (1658-1707) 1. Killed brothers, arrested father 2. Islam was the only religion 1. censor police 2. non-Muslim tax 3. no government positions for non-Muslims 4. destroyed Hindu temples 3. Hindus in Marathas rebel Sikhs in Punjab rebel

  32. 4. Taxes become burdensome 5. Power of local lords grew 6. Gave the port of Bombay to the European traders.

More Related