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The Mughal Empire in India

The Mughal Empire in India. Chapter 18: Section 3. The Origin of the Mughal Empire. During the 1300’s Turkish Muslims controlled India Delhi was the capital By the 1500’s the power of the Delhi sultans had been greatly weakened .

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The Mughal Empire in India

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  1. The Mughal Empire in India Chapter 18: Section 3

  2. The Origin of the Mughal Empire • During the 1300’s Turkish Muslims controlled India • Delhi was the capital • By the 1500’s the power of the Delhi sultans had been greatly weakened. • Rajputs (rahj-poot)- warrior princes began to challenge the sultans • This left India open to Mongol attacks.

  3. The Origin of the Mughal Empire • Babur the Tiger • A descendant of the Mongol leader Timur • Tried to build an empire in central Asia, but the Uzbek people drove him out. • Therefore, he focused on INDIA • 1526 he attacked the Sultanate of Delhi • Babur was greatly outnumbered, • But He still won the battle

  4. The Origin of the Mughal Empire • “The kingdom of Hindustan [India] was under the control of [the sultan at Delhi]… His standing army was estimated at one hundred thousand elephants. In such a state of affairs and with such strength, we put our trust in God… and faced a ruler with a huge army and vast realm. God did not let our pains and difficulties go for naught and defeated such a powerful opponent and conquered a vast kingdom like Hindustan.”

  5. These early military successes of the Turks, achieved by an army much smaller than its opponents, have been attributed to their • Cohesion • Mobility • horse-mounted archers • and use of artillery

  6. The Origin of the Mughal Empire • Babur the Tiger • After the victory, Babur occupied Delhi and the surrounding region. • This territory became core of the Mughal Empire. • (Moo-gul) • 1526 – 1858

  7. The Growth of Mughal Power • Akbar • Babur’s grandson • Greatest Mughal emperor • Took the throne at age of 13 and reigned from 1556 to 1605. • Gained support from his government: • Married a Rajput princess and gave other Rajputs government positions. • Used force to maintain power

  8. The Growth of Mughal Power • Akbar • Introduced an improved tax system that helped him control his empire. • Taxes were based on an average of what a village might produce over a 10-year period. • When the harvest was poor, the tax did not have to be paid. • In a good harvest, the villagers could keep anything above the tax level.

  9. The Growth of Mughal Power • Akbar • Great supporter of the arts • Encouraged Hindu as well as Muslim artists • Mughal artists • Influenced by Persian style • Created delicate, colorful miniature paintings

  10. The Growth of Mughal Power • Mughals made great achievements in architecture blending: • Persian, Islamic and Hindu styles

  11. Religious Policy • Akbar • Was tolerant of all religions • He repealed the special tax that non- Muslims had been forced to pay. • He began to think of himself as a divine ruler • Established a creed called the Divine Faith • The motto was: • Allahu Akbar, meaning “God is great” or “Akbar is God” • The creed blended elements of Islam, Hinduism, Jainism, Christianity and other religions. • Didn’t attract much followers beyond his court • Muslims strongly opposed it

  12. The Height of the Mughal Empire • Shah Jahan (shah juh-hahn) • Ruled from 1628-1558 • The Mughal Empire was at its height during his reign. • The empire had expanded to reach its greatest extent territory • Including both northern and southern India

  13. The Height of the Mughal Empire • Shah Jahan • Known for the two famous buildings that were constructed during his reign • Taj Mahal at Agra • Built as a tomb for his beloved wife, Mumtaz Mahal • Made with marble inlaid with semiprecious gems • Hall of Private Audience • Was Shah Jahan’s palace • Carved famous lines • “If there be Paradise on Earth, It is Here, It is Here, It is Here!”

  14. The Height of the Mughal Empire • These great buildings were enormously expensive to build: • Mughals were also engaged in military campaigns against Persia. • Huge armies expensive to maintain • Shah Jahan increased taxes to meet his expenses • His subjects had to pay him half of the crops they raised • Many people suffered under this burden

  15. Aurangzeb • In 1657 Shah Jahan became ill • His son Aurangzeb killed his brother • Imprisoned Shah Jahan • And declared himself emperor • Aurangzeb • A devout Sunni Muslim • Persecuted all other faiths in the Mughal Empire • Insisted on strict observance of Islamic holy laws • Restored the hated tax on Hindus • Destroyed thousands of Hindu temples

  16. Aurangzeb • Aurangzeb • When crowds gathered outside the Red Fort to protest • He used elephants to crush them

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