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Energy Use Implications of ICT Hardware

Energy Use Implications of ICT Hardware. NATO SCIENCE PROGRAMME in conjunction with the Carnegie Bosch Institute ADVANCED RESEARCH WORKSHOP: Life Cycle Analysis for Assessing Energy and Environmental Implications of Information Technology Budapest, Hungary September 1-3, 2003.

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Energy Use Implications of ICT Hardware

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  1. Energy Use Implications of ICT Hardware NATO SCIENCE PROGRAMME in conjunction with the Carnegie Bosch Institute ADVANCED RESEARCH WORKSHOP: Life Cycle Analysis for Assessing Energy and Environmental Implications of Information Technology Budapest, Hungary September 1-3, 2003 by Andrius Plepys

  2. Why the issue? • Dynamism of ICT sector • Productivity and structural impacts • Role in sustainable development • Climate change policies • Energy security

  3. Energy and the New Economy • Decoupling between GDP growth and energy consumption often attributed to ICT sector

  4. Electricity crisis – a hoax or a reality? New York, August 15, 2003

  5. Internet to blame for the blackouts? • Interests of power suppliers (coal industry) • Poor planning and artificial price increase? El. consumption dynamics in Silicon Valley and California, 1990-2000 derived from California Energy Commission’s data (2002)

  6. From Mills to LBNL • National estimates of AEC ICT-related electricity consumption as % of national AEC

  7. However… • Absolute consumption will increase • Future predictions are fuzzy • Reportedly large energy saving potential

  8. Electricity consumption by component in non-residential sector Source: Roth et al. in ADL (2002)

  9. The power of power management • CPU – idling >90% of the time • Hardware actively used <25% of the time (Webber, 2001) • PM already saves 25%, but additional 15% could be saved by optimal set up (US EPA, 2002) • Largest saving potential in offices: • desktop computers/workstations • CRT monitors • Copiers & printers (Kawamoto et al., 2001)

  10. The two legs of power management Technology solutions Behavioural solutions - software (BIOSOS) - products (CRTLCD) - components (CPU) - awareness - knowledge - informed choice

  11. Relevancy of the issues - DC example • High power reliability costs dearly • Overestimated needs • Consumption insignificant on national scale, but a large share of ICT infrastructure • HVAC – largest consumer DC’s energy • Saving 20-40% technically feasible today • HVAC optimisation (airwater, CHP, to) • night switching • Economic barriers (large build-up, risk aversion)

  12. The impacts of trends • Wireless communications • Mobile devices • LCD displays • ICT diffusion into other products • Optic fibre – broadband – data traffic • The “last mile” limitations • Voice and data n-work convergence • E-services

  13. Shortcomings Methodological and data issues: • ICT definition and system boundaries • Allocation procedures • Data: • Behavioural data (!) • Power rating • Stock data and return rates

  14. Reflections • Electricity consumption – not significant today, but future is uncertain • Growth rate and saving potential makes it important for continuous research • Supply side: energy efficiency not always a design priority (often a trade-off with costs) • Demand side: marginal role of energy costs to encourage savings (hardware costs, performance, ergonomics before environmental considerations)

  15. Reflections • Technology can take care of some efficiency improvements • Behavioural changes are needed to fully exploit the potential savings • Market “failure”?

  16. A role for policy makers? • Economic instruments (e.g. green taxes) • Informational voluntary instruments (performance standards, labelling initiatives) • Governmental procurement for more energy efficient equipment • more research on policy role

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