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COSTA RICA

COSTA RICA. PART 1 - HISTORY. Kristin Grauer Lance Turner Chad Weinberg. Quick Facts. Area : 51,600 sq. km. Population : 3,674,490 (July 1999 est.) Pop. Growth Rate : 1.89% (1999 est.) GDP per Capita : $6,700 (1998 est.)

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COSTA RICA

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  1. COSTA RICA

  2. PART 1 - HISTORY Kristin Grauer Lance Turner Chad Weinberg

  3. Quick Facts • Area: 51,600 sq. km. • Population: 3,674,490 (July 1999 est.) • Pop. Growth Rate: 1.89% (1999 est.) • GDP per Capita: $6,700 (1998 est.) • Industries: food processing, textiles and clothing, construction materials, fertilizer, plastic products

  4. Early History • Pre-Columbian • Region of trade and cultural interchange between the predominant empires of North and South America • Indigenous Peoples: • Chibcha: From Columbia region • Chorotegas: Related to Aztecs and Mayans • Relatively small civilizations compared to others • Lack of minerals and other valuable resources contributed to its underdevelopment

  5. Early History (cont’d) • Developed complex social systems • Monetary system • Ritual calendar • Linguistics and writing skills • Extensive use of gold in ornamentation

  6. European Discovery • 1502: First Spaniards arrive • Columbus, during his fourth voyage, names the region “Costa Rica” because of the great amount of gold worn by the Indians • Early 1500’s: Several expeditions end in failure from disease and battles with Indians • 1506: Diego de Nicuesa • 1522: Gil González Dávila

  7. European Discovery (cont’d) • 1562: Colonization • Jungle harsh, many setbacks from diseases • Juan Vásquez de Coronado founds Cartago • Different than in other Spanish colonies Colonization • Small number of Indians to exploit • Treasure turned out to be scarce • Mestizo culture did not form as strongly as in other colonies

  8. Colonial Period • Costa Rica effectively forgotten for many years • 1717: Second colony (Heredia) founded • 1737: San Jose founded • 50,000 inhabitants by 1800 • Wheat and tobacco among first products to be exported to Spain and other countries • Cacao plantations emerge as well as cattle ranching

  9. Independence • The Mexican Empire • The United Provinces of Central America • Costa Rican: An Independent Nation

  10. Fransisco Morazán Regime • Former President of the UPCA • Seized Power of Costa Rica in 1842 • Politically Despised • Executed in San José

  11. Economic Expansion of 1840s • New Trade Routes • Pacific Ocean • British Investment • New Infrastructure

  12. Conflict Over Guanacaste • Seceded from Nicaragua in 1825 • Joined Costa Rica • Not-so Isolationist • Treaty of 1896

  13. General Tomás Guardia • Dictator • Economic Expansion • Minor C. Keith & the United Fruit Company • Secularization

  14. Democracy & Dictators • José Joaquín Rodríguez • Aldredo González Flores • General Federico Tinoco Granados • Otilio Ulate • José Figueres • Daniel Oduber • Rodrigo Carazo Odio

  15. Foreign Policy • Disputes with Nicaragua • Disputes with Panama • WWII

  16. “Revolution” of 1948 • Elections & Candidates • Annulment & Thereafter • 1949 Constitution • National Liberation Party

  17. 1960s and 1970s • Prosperity and Stability • Indigenous Bill (1977) • Regional Conflicts

  18. 1980s: Storm in the Isthmus • Economic Crisis & Staggering Debt • Serious Political Conflicts -US & Nicaragua -Bombing • The Arias Peace Plan -Sanchez & the Nobel Prize for Peace

  19. 1990s • Rafael Calderón Fournier • Earthquake • Refugees • Labour Relations • Elections of 1994 • Mid to Late 1990s

  20. The Future of Costa Rica • Economy • External Debt • Taxation, Inflation • Welfare State • Tourism • Population Growth

  21. For More Information: • Costa Rica History: http://photo.net/cr/moon/history.html • CIA World Factbook: www.cia.gov • State Department: www.state.gov • Costa Rican Times (in Spanish): http://crtimes.com/newspapers.htm

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