Welcome to CMPE003 Personal Computers: Hardware and Software

1. Welcome toCMPE003Personal Computers: Hardware and Software Dr. Chane Fullmer Fall 2002 UC Santa Cruz

2. Class Information • Midterm #1 • This Friday, October 11, 2002. • ID required. • Covers Chapters 1 through 5. • Multiple choice • Requires Scantron #F-1712-ERI-L (pink) • ~50 questions • No makeups after the fact

3. Assignments • Homework #3 – Due October 18 • Design your own Webpage • Keep in mind --- • The world at large will see your page • Don’t put private or sensitive information on your Webpage. • Details and sample – see class page – http://www.soe.ucsc.edu/classes/cmpe003/Fall02/

4. Input and Output:The User Connection Chapter 5 Part A

5. Objectives • Describe the user relationship with computer input and output • Explain how data is input to a computer system and differentiate among various input equipment • Describe how a monitor works and the characteristics that determine quality • List and describe the different methods of computer output • Differentiate among different kinds of printersExplain the function of a computer terminal and describe the types of terminals

6. Input and Output Input • Users submit input data Output • Users get processed information

7. Input • Data from the user to the computer • Converts raw data into electronic form

8. Diversity of Input Methods • Zebra-striped bar codes on supermarket items • Word commands operate a forklift truck • An order is entered using a pen on a special pad • Time clock generates paycheck • Data on checks are read and used to prepare a monthly bank statement • Charge-card transactions generate customer bills

9. Keyboard • Traditional • Looks like typewriter with extra keys • Non-traditional • Fast food restaurants • Each key represents a food item rather than a character

10. Function Keys Give commands Software specific Main Keyboard Typewriter keys Special command keys Keyboard

11. Keyboard • Numeric Keys • Num Lock – toggle • On – numeric data & math symbols • Off – cursor movement • Cursor Movement Keys

12. Shift Caps Lock Ctrl Alt Esc Enter Windows Shortcut KeyboardSpecial Keys

13. Pointing Devices • Position a pointer / cursor on the screen • Controls drawing instruments in graphics applications • Communicate commands to a program

14. Pointing Devices Mouse • Types • Mechanical • Optical • Wireless • Features • Palm-sized • 1 or 2 buttons • Wheel

15. The First Mouse Invented by Doug Englebart at SRI, 1963/4 Doug Engelbart invented the computer mouse in 1963-64 as part of an experiment to find better ways to point and click on a display screen. It was made in a shop at SRI. The casing was carved out of wood. The mouse had only one button - that was all there was room for.

16. The First Mouse Invented by Doug Englebart at SRI, 1963/4 Two wheels mounted perpendicularly to each other in the mouse's underbelly tracked the X-Y motion. The mouse was patented in 1970 as an "X-Y Position Indicator."

17. Early Workstation – Circa 1967 Close-up of first production model of the mouse 1967, this model made of plastic casing with metal underbelly, same wheel design, now with three buttons.

18. Keyset, Mouse and KeyboardCirca 1968 A 1968 mouse-keyset combination installed on an ergonomic keyboard-console. This is the first production model of the mouse with plastic casing and metal underbelly, and with three buttons. This setup was used for the famous "mother of all demos" during the 1968 Fall Joint Computer Conference and included a tilt-swivel office chair. The assembly was custom-made by the Herman Miller furniture company.

19. Other Pointing Devices • Trackball • Upside-down mouse • Ball on top • Roll ball with hand • Laptop computers • Touchpad • Pressure-sensitive pad • Cursor moves as you slide your finger • Laptop computers

20. Other Pointing Devices Pointing stick • Pressure-sensitive post • Mounted between G and H keys on keyboard • Apply pressure in a direction to move cursor Joystick • Short lever • Handgrip • Distance and speed of movement control pointer position

21. Graphics Tablet • Digitizing tablet • Rectangular board • Invisible grid of electronic dots • Write with stylus or puck • Sends locations of electronic dots as stylus moves over them • Creates precise drawings • Architects and engineers

22. Touch Screens • Human points to a selection on the screen • Finger, pencil, etc.. • Types • Edges emit horizontal and vertical beams of light that crisscross the screen • Senses finger pressure • Light pen for pointing

23. Touch Screens • Kiosks • Self-help stations • Easy to use • Where found • Malls • Airports • Disney World • Government offices

24. Pen-based Computing • Small hand-held devices • Electronic pen (stylus) • Pointer • Handwritten input • Personal Digital Assistants (PDA)

25. Source Data Automation • Special equipment to collect data at the source • Sent directly to a computer • Avoids need to key data • Related input areas • Magnetic-Ink Character Recognition • Scanners • Optical recognition devices • Voice

26. MICRMagnetic-Ink Character Recognition • Read characters made of magnetic particles • Numbers on the bottom of checks • MICR inscriber – adds characters to check that show amount cashed

27. Optical Scanners • Optical recognition • Light beam scans input data • Most common type of source input • Document imaging – converts paper documents to electronic form • Converts snapshots into images • Converts scanned image of text into characters – OCR Exact computer-produced replica of original

28. Types of Scanners • Flatbed • One sheet at a time • Scans bound documents • Sheetfeed • Motorized rollers • Sheet moves across scanning head • Small, convenient size • Less versatile than flatbed • Prone to errors

29. Types of Scanners • Handheld • Least expensive • Least accurate • Portable • User must move the scanner in a straight line at a fixed rate • Wide document causes problems

30. Optical Recognition • Optical mark recognition (OMR) • Mark sensing • Exams (Scantron ) • Recognizes the location of the marks • Optical character recognition (OCR) • Light source reads special characters • OCR-A is ANSI standard typeface for optical characters

31. Optical RecognitionWand Reader Retail stores Libraries Hospitals Factories

32. Optical RecognitionBar Code Reader • Photoelectric device • Reads bar codes • Inexpensive • Reliable • Where Used? • Supermarket – UPC • Federal Express

33. Optical RecognitionHandwritten Characters Must follow rigid rules • Size • Completeness • Legibility

34. Voice Input • Speech Recognition • Speech recognition devices • Input via a microphone • Voice converted to binary code • Problems • Speaker-dependent • Voice training

35. Voice Input • Changing radio frequencies in airplane cockpits • Placing a call on a car phone • Requesting stock-market quotations over the phone • Command from physically disabled users

36. Voice Input • Discrete word systems • Understand isolated words • Pause between words • Difficult for dictation • Continuous word systems • Normal speaking pattern • Easy to use • Faster and easier to dictate than to key

37. Digital Cameras • Photos stored in electronic form • No film • Point and shoot • Edit

38. Wednesday • Ch 5 continued -- Outputs… • Friday… • Midterm…

39. Have a nice day