Trailhead Ontario 2016 - Renfrew Update on the Trails Act and the Ontario Trails Strategy

1. Trailhead Ontario 2016 - Renfrew Update on the Trails Act and the Ontario Trails Strategy Presentation by Carol Oitment and Garen Hagopian Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport (MTCS) June 20, 2016

2. OVERVIEW OF THE PRESENTATION • The Provincial Context for Trails • Research on the Benefits of Trails • The Supporting Ontario’s Trails Act, 2016 • The Ontario Trails Strategy and Trails Action Plan 2015/16 – 2017/18 • Next Steps

3. THE PROVINCIAL CONTEXT FOR TRAILS: ORGANIZATIONAL MODEL National Trail Interests Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport (MTCS) - lead ministry on trail policy, planning and coordinating matters across government Ontario Trails Strategy 2005 - the framework for decision-making Trails Action Plan 2015/16 - 2017/18 Ontario Trails Coordinating Committee (ADM co-chaired with Ontario Trails Council’s President – ministries/agencies and external stakeholders) Ontario Trails Council (umbrella organization for trails) • Government Partners • Ontario Trillium Foundation • Ontario Tourism Marketing Partnership Corporation (OTMPC) • Ontario Place • Royal Botanical Gardens • St. Lawrence Parks Commission • Niagara Parks Commission • Others Directors Working Group (DWG) on Trails • Key External Partners • Ontario Power Sport Working Group (umbrella for motorized trails) • Provincial/regional trail organizations • Regional Tourism • Organizations • Others • MTCS Trails Team • All MTCS Divisions

4. THE PROVINCIAL CONTEXT FOR TRAILS: ISSUES AND OPPORTUNITIES • Trails • Ontario has over 80,000 km. of trail, the second largest network in Canada. • Trails include land/water, motorized/non-motorized and on/off-road trails used for recreation, tourism and transportation (e.g. active transportation) purposes in urban, suburban, rural and remote settings. • The Government of Ontario invested $130 million in trails 2009/10 through 2014/15. • Key Trail Issues • 2013 consultations confirmed long-standing trail issues (many since1977) including financial stability, liability, securing land for trials (e.g. easements and abandoned rail rights-of-way), trespassing, protection of private/public property, training, user conflict management, trail classifications/signage, supportive land/transportation planning and the need for a trails Master Plan. • Current emerging issues include the need for consistency in approaches (e.g. to trails management in County forests; trail signage/classifications; national trail standards/guidelines), the need to protect remote values and conflicts with other outdoor recreationists (e.g. trappers and hunters). • Key Trail Opportunities • 2013 identified key trail opportunities including enhancing trails tourism, strengthening the role of trails in active transportation, promoting trails more effectively, conducting research and maximizing water trails. • Emerging opportunities include increasing interest in cultural/heritage values (e.g. Group of Seven trail; historic routes), cycling, trail animation (Pan Am Path), the Great Lakes trail vision, completion of the Trans Canada Trail 2017, cross-border interests, year round use, vertical trails, systems/networks, provincial cycling route and the need for new economic impact metrics (including ecological and human health).

5. RESEARCH ON THE BENEFITS OF TRAILS • Economic Benefits (jobs, property values, investment attraction and cost aversion) • The Ontario Trails Survey 2014 undertaken by the MTCS estimated the annual • economic benefit of hiking at $1.3 billion. • The Eastern Ontario Trails Alliance manages 2,370 km of trail and has 25,000 users • who spend $6 million annually generating an economic impact of $2 million per year.(1) • The Trans Canada Trail Ontario, when complete, is expected to generate $2.4 billion.(2) • Snowmobiling generates an estimated $1.3 to $1.7 billion per year, in Ontario.(3) • In 2005, ATVing generated an estimated $6.2 million (direct/indirect GDP) or • $1 billion in direct/indirect economic impacts excluding tax revenues in Ontario.(4) • In 2010, 2 million Canadian/Ontario visitors cycled in Ontario and spent about $391 million.(5) • In 2011, 7.2 million Canadian visitors participated in a trail activity during their trips to Ontario, spending $1.3 billion (i.e. 8.7% of the total visitor spending by Canadians).(6) • Health Benefits (mental/physical health and overall well-being) • Trail activity helps combat the economic burden of physical inactivity of $3.4 billion and of obesity of $4.5 billion (includes physical inactivity and other factors) (2009 data).(7) • Trail activities enhance mental capital, mental wellbeing and brain health throughout life(.8) • Each additional kilometer walked per day is associated with 4.8% reduction in the likelihood of obesity.(9) • The Ontario Trails Survey 2014 found that respondents experienced significant personal benefits from using trails including improved mental health (91%), physical health (90%), and a sense of well-being (90%).(10)

6. RESEARCH ON THE BENEFITS OF TRAILS (Cont’d.) Environmental/Ecological Benefits (environmental stewardship, ecological integrity, climate change mitigation and aesthetics) • Active transportation (e.g. cycling/walking) helps reduce harmful emissions and contribute to cleaner air and reduced respiratory health issues. • Toronto Public Health estimates that traffic air pollution gives rise to about 440 premature deaths and 1,700 hospitalizations per year in the City of Toronto and estimates the economic impact of mortality at $2.2 billion per year (2007).(11) • Community-building Benefits (connectivity, interaction, inclusion, volunteerism) • Trails contribute to community building (e.g. the Ontario Federation of Snowmobiles connects 234 communities and has over 6,000 volunteers; the Trans Canada Trail Ontario connects 140 communities, the Waterfront Trail connects 75 and the Eastern Ontario Trails Alliance 24).(12)

7. THE SUPPORTING ONTARIO’S TRAILS ACT, 2016 • Trails Legislation • On June 1, 2016, Ontario passed legislation, the Supporting Ontario’s Trails Act, 2016, that will protect and enhance thousands of kilometres of the province’s urban, suburban, rural and remote land and water trails, while encouraging expansion. Royal Assent was received June 9, 2016. • The Supporting Ontario’s Trails Act, 2016 includes the new legislation, the Ontario Trails Act, 2016 as well as amendments to existing legislation to address liability, trespassing and protection of property issues. The Ontario Trails Act, 2016 and amendments to the Occupier’s Liability Act (and complimentary amendments), Trespass to Property Act and Public Land’s Act will come into force according to their respective schedules.

8. THE SUPPORTING ONTARIO’S TRAILS ACT, 2016(Cont’d.) • The Supporting Ontario’s Trails Act, 2016, is the product of more than a decade of extensive consultation and collaboration with the full range of trail stakeholders — this input provided representative and balanced perspectives on issues and opportunities. We thank everyone who provided input! • As we move forward, there will be continued and ongoing discussions with ministries, stakeholders, Indigenous communities, and others with an interest in trails or trail-related activities. The Ontario Trails Act, 2016, requires the Minister to maintain an Ontario Trails Strategy and requires its periodic review through an engagement process. • The Act may be reviewed in its entirety at the following address: http://www.ontla.on.ca/web/bills/bills_detail.do?locale=en&BillID=3338

9. THE SUPPORTING ONTARIO’S TRAILS ACT, 2016 (Cont’d.) • Ontario Trails Act, 2015 (Schedule 1, the Ontario Trails Act, 2015) (Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport) • Upon proclamation, the act will: • Proclaim an annual trails week to coincide with International Trails Day in June. • Through consultations, allow for the establishment of: • Voluntary best practices; • A voluntary classification system; and • A process for recognizing Ontario trails of distinction. • Require that a trails strategy be maintained and reviewed periodically. • Set out a voluntary mechanism for trail easements between willing landowners and eligible bodies.

10. THE SUPPORTING ONTARIO’S TRAILS ACT, 2016(Cont’d.) • Amendments to the Occupiers’ Liability Act (OLA) (Schedules 2, 3 and 4) • (Ministry of the Attorney General) • Upon proclamation: • Schedule 3 would amend the Occupiers’ Liability Act (OLA) to clarify how it applies to not-for-profit groups and to expand what land it includes. • Schedules 2 and 4 would make complementary amendments to the Motorized Snow Vehicles Act and the Off-Road Vehicles Act, respectively, to align with the OLA amendments. These would be undertaken by the Ministry of Transportation. • Why • Under the Act as it stands, where a person uses a trail for free recreational purposes, occupiers of trails have a duty not to intentionally injure a trail user or act with reckless disregard for their presence. • Questions have arisen about whether entry is free if the occupier receives a government benefit or payment (e.g. a not-for-profit group that receives a government grant), or incidental fees are paid (e.g. parking fees).

11. THE SUPPORTING ONTARIO’S TRAILS ACT, 2016 (Cont’d.) • Amendments to the Occupiers’ Liability Act (OLA) (Schedule 3) • (Ministry of the Attorney General) • Upon proclamation, the amendments to the Occupiers’ Liability Act (OLA) would: • Clarify the intent of the Act; that receiving a public benefit or payment, or incidental fees related to access onto the land does not prevent the ‘free entry’ standard of care from applying. • As a result, it would clarify that trail managers and not-for-profit organizations that may receive public benefits or payments, or that may charge incidental fees for access to the land would be liable to a trail user only for injuries they cause intentionally or through reckless disregard for the presence of the trail user on the land. • Portages would also be added to the list of lands in the OLA to clarify that they are subject to the ‘free entry’ standard of care.

12. THE SUPPORTING ONTARIO’S TRAILS ACT, 2016 (Cont’d.) • Amendments to the Public Lands Act (PLA) (Schedule 5) • (Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry) • The amendments to the Public Lands Act will: • Modernize stewardship, compliance and enforcement tools to better protect Crown land and property from damage and enhance the Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry’s (MNRF) ability to manage trail use. • Why • For many generations, the public and resource users have enjoyedrecreational access to Crown land, including motorized use of trails. • However, the PLA has limited enforcement provisions, outdated fine amounts, and a limitation period (2 years) that doesn’t allow adequate time for detection of offences given the vast area of Crown land in Ontario. • The amendments will provide MNRF with enhanced tools to manage Crown land, including making damage to Crown land and property an offence, such that MNRF will not have to resort to closing broad areas of Crown land from recreational activity to prevent damage.

13. THE SUPPORTING ONTARIO’S TRAILS ACT, 2016 (Cont’d.) • Amendments to the Public Lands Act (PLA) (Schedule 5) • (Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry) • The amendments to the Public Lands Act (PLA) will: • Make damage to Crown land and property an offence, and allow MNRF to recover the costs for rehabilitation of damage to Crown land in court. • Note: MNRF will consult on any proposed regulation defining damage to Crown land and property at a later time. This offence provision would only come into effect if a regulation is made. • Provide MNRF with new enforcement tools to stop vehicles, inspect documents, and arrest persons suspected or caught violating the Act. • Increase the maximum penalties for the majority of offences under the Act, and create a separate penalty structure for individuals and corporations, similar to other legislation. • New maximum penalties for individuals will be $15,000 for the first offence; $25,000 for second and subsequent offences. • For commercial interests, maximum penalties will be $25,000 for first time offence; $50,000 for second and subsequent offences. • Allow for additional penalties to be imposed where there has been monetary gain. • Increase the limitation period for commencing prosecutions under the Act from within two years from the date the offence was committed, to within two years from the date of discovery of the offence, up to a maximum of five years from the date the offence was committed.

14. THE SUPPORTING ONTARIO’S TRAILS ACT, 2016 (Cont’d.) • Amendments to the Trespass to Property Act (TPA) (Schedule 6) • (Ministry of the Attorney General) • Upon proclamation, this will: • Amend the Trespass to Property Act(TPA) to show that the province takes trespassing seriously. • Why • Protection of private and public property is a long-standing issue that has faced the trail sector. • Current fines and compensation orders are considered by trail stakeholders to be out-of-date.

15. THE SUPPORTING ONTARIO’S TRAILS ACT, 2016 (Cont’d.) • Amendments to the Trespass to Property Act (TPA) (Schedule 6) • Ministry of the Attorney General • Upon proclamation: • The maximum fine, set in 1989, would be increased from $2,000 to $10,000. • The maximum compensation order of $1,000, set in 1980, would be removed and the court would be able to order any amount demonstrated to be caused by the trespasser.

16. ONTARIO TRAILS STATEGY • The Ontario Trails Strategy (OTS), • The Framework for Trails in Ontario • The OTS provides a framework to guide decision-making affecting trails in Ontario. • Vision • A world-class system of diversified trails, planned and used in an environmentally • responsible manner that enhances the health and prosperity of all Ontarians. • Core Values • Respecting private and public lands, including agricultural lands, Crown lands and • the traditional land-use areas of Aboriginal communities. • Protecting, conserving and appreciating the environment, including cultural heritage and natural heritage. • Providing a variety of trail opportunities in keeping with the diverse trail interests of Ontario’s population and visitors. • Valuing regional differences and supporting local decision-making. • Adopting good planning principles and approaches. • 5 Key Strategic Directions and 52 Deliverables • The 52 deliverables include short term actions (e.g. to establish the Ontario Trails Coordinating Committee (OTCC), longer term policy/legislative development requirements and on-going undertakings such as educational, promotional and training activities.

17. TRAILS ACTION PLAN 2015/16 – 017/18 • Purpose of the Trails Action Plan • To prioritize recommended actions toward strengthening the Ontario Trails Strategy (OTS) over 3 years. • To identify lead and support ministries/agencies/external stakeholders that will be responsible for scoping the items, submitting annual work plans, reporting on progress and accounting for performance targets. • To provide a public-facing communications tool as a living document that will incorporate emergent issues and opportunities as appropriate . • Description of the Trails Action Plan • The Trails Action Plan is fully accessible and available in French and English. • The Action Plan aligns with the vision and core values of the OTS. • It has 3 pillars (based on a merger of the 5 OTS pillars) with 31 action items: • Sustainability and Planning – 19 action items; • Access and Awareness – 7 action items; and • Tourism and Economic Development – 5 action items. • The Action Plan will be implemented within government budgetary allocations.

18. TRAILS ACTION PLAN 2015/16 – 2017/18 (Cont’d.) • Examples of Action Items • Trails legislation – Bill 100 – Supporting Ontario’s Trails Act, 2016. • Studying options on the use of provincially-owned Abandoned Railway Rights-of-Way for recreational trails use. • Creating a new Code of Ethics for trails users. • Exploring alternate funding mechanisms with stakeholders. • Building capacity with Ontario’s key trails organizations. • Developing trails tourism. • Establishing a Framework for Water Trails. • Developing a research plan to better inform the decision-making process on trails development, management and promotion.

19. TRAILS ACTION PLAN 2015/16 – 2017/18 (Cont’d.) Key Alignments across Government Accessibility Standards for the Design of Public Spaces: Accessible recreation trails and beach access routes (Ministry of Economic Development, Employment and Infrastructure) • Accessible recreational trails and beach access routes allow everyone including people with disabilities to enjoy the natural spaces in our communities. • New or redeveloped recreational trails and beach access routes will need to meet these standards (e.g. minimum trail width), which are being phased in between 2015 and 2018. #CycleON: Ontario’s Cycling Strategy (Ministry of Transportation) • This strategy, released in August 2013, outlines a 20-year vision to guide provincial initiatives to increase the number and safety of cyclists in the province. The first action plan was releasedin 2015. • The strategy includes identifying a province-wide cycling network, including trails, and it provided $25 million over 3 years in cycling infrastructure funding). Biodiversity: It’s in our nature – Ontario Government Plan to Conserve Biodiversity 2012-2010 (Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry) • E.g. Ontario Children’s Outdoor Charter http://www.childrensoutdoorcharter.ca/. CONFIDENTIAL

20. TRAILS ACTION PLAN 2015/16 – 2017/18 (Cont’d.) TRAILS ACTION PLAN PILLAR 1: SUSTAINABILITY AND PLANNING Initiative is underway*; on-going activity

21. TRAILS ACTION PLAN 2015/16 – 2017/18 (Cont’d.) TRAILS ACTION PLAN PILLAR 1: SUSTAINABILITY AND PLANNING (Cont’d.) *Initiative is underway; on-going

22. TRAILS ACTION PLAN 2015/16 – 2017/18 (Cont’d.) TRAILS ACTION PLAN PILLAR 2: ACCESS AND AWARENESS Initiative is underway*; on-going

23. TRAILS ACTION PLAN 2015/16 – 2017/18 (Cont’d.) TRAILS ACTION PLAN PILLAR 3: TOURISM AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Initiative is underway*; on-going Ministry/Agency Acronyms: Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport (MTCS); Ministry of Transportation (MTO); Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry (MNRF); Ministry of Economic Development, Employment and Industry (MEDEI); Ministry of the Attorney General (MAG); Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing (MMAH); Ministry of Finance (MOF); Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change (MOECC); Ministry of Education (EDU); Ministry of Citizenship, Immigration and International Trade (MCllT}; and the Ontario Tourism Marketing Partnership Corporation (OTMPC). Divisional Acronyms: Local Government Policy Branch (LGPB) of MMAH; and Provincial Planning Policy Branch (PPPB) of MMAH. Note: Further involvement by key stakeholders will be undertaken as appropriate in the scoping and implementation of Action Items. Stakeholders include government, not‐for‐profit and private sector interests, as well as Aboriginal communities.

24. TRAILS ACTION PLAN 2015/16 – 2017/18 (Cont’d.) • Action Item 1.18 Funding Support for Trail Organizations and Activities • Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport • Ontario Sport and Recreation Community Fund • The OSRCF program supports getting and keeping Ontarians active in community sport, recreation and physical activity through the delivery of high-quality initiatives. • OSRCF initiatives must meet one or more of the following goals: • To increase opportunities for participation in physical activity; • To embed physical literacy throughout sport and recreation as a foundation for lifelong physical activity; and/or • To increase the capacity of the sport and recreation sector to deliver quality sport and recreation programming. • Projects are eligible for one or two-year funding. • Typically one-year projects are for smaller requests in local communities that pilot a program or project before expanding. • Typically two-year projects develop multi-year phases to programs (i.e. Universities that conduct research in phase one and then apply the research into a program in phase two). • The OSRCF opens in the fall of each year (mid to late November). Any questions regarding the fund can be directed to OSRCF@ontario.ca • For more information on the OSRCF, interested applicants can visit: http://www.grants.gov.on.ca/GrantsPortal/en/OntarioGrants/GrantOpportunities/PRDR006918

25. TRAILS ACTION PLAN 2015/16 – 2017/18(Cont’d.) • Celebrate Ontario and Celebrate Ontario Blockbuster • Celebrate Ontario provides funding to help new or existing festivals and events enhance programs, activities and services that will lead to long-term improvements and attract more tourists - evaluated on their ability to stimulate increased incremental visitor attendance and visitor spending. • Celebrate Ontario Blockbuster consists of two streams: the Event Bid stream and the Event Hosting stream – which  support bidding costs and hosting costs, respectively, for major one-time events or events that do not recur annually in Ontario, but travel nationally or internationally to host destinations. They must draw tourists to Ontario’s communities, attract significant media exposure, and profile Ontario’s destinations nationally and globally. Blockbuster events must have a cash operating budget in excess of $1 million. • The next intake period: dates to be announced fall 2016. • Staff contact for additional information: Luanne Smith, Program Lead (Toronto) (416) 314-3435 Luanne.Smith@ontario.ca or Jonathon Harris, Regional Advisor (Renfrew) 613-742-3368 Jonathon.Harris@ontario.ca • Web link for more information: http://www.mtc.gov.on.ca/en/awards_funding/funding.shtml

26. TRAILS ACTION PLAN 2015/16 – 2017/18 (Cont’d.) • Tourism Development Fund • This grant provides funding support for strategic non-capital projects to develop innovative new tourism products and support investment attraction and industry capacity building. Priority is given to projects that: • Support increased private sector investment in the tourism industry. • Improve the quality and competitiveness of existing tourism products and experiences. • Support the effectiveness of provincial tourism sector associations and their support for the industry. • Support jobs and economic activity in communities across the province. • Contribute to the quality and diversity of community life for Ontario citizens and tourists. • There is a continuous intake of applications, ongoing evaluation and approval of proposals.  • Staff contact for additional information: Erica D'souza, Program Lead (Toronto) (416) 325-2612 Erica.Dsouza@ontario.ca or Jonathon Harris, Regional Advisor (Renfrew) 613-742-3368 Jonathon.Harris@ontario.ca • Web link for more information: http://www.mtc.gov.on.ca/en/awards_funding/funding.shtml

27. TRAILS ACTION PLAN 2015/16 – 2017/18 (Cont’d.) • Ontario Trillium Foundation • Ontario Trillium Funding • The capital grant program has been suspended. A new Ontario Government $25 million community capital program, to be administered by OTF, will be announced soon.  • Six Action Areas (e.g. Green People, Active People, Connected People).   • Grow Grants: • Register by: May 25, 2016, 5 p.m. EST: Apply by: June 22, 2016, 5 p.m. EST. • Register by: November 16, 2016, 5 p.m. EST. Apply by: December 14, 2016, 5 p.m. EST. • Seed Grants: • Register by: June 8, 2016, 5 p.m. EST. Apply by July 6, 2016, 5 p.m. EST. • Register by: August 17, 2016, 5 p.m. EST. Apply by: September 14, 2016, 5 p.m. EST. • Register by: December 7, 2016, 5 p.m. EST. Apply by: January 4, 2017, 5 p.m. EST. • Collective Impact Grants: There are no deadlines for submitting applications with an ongoing intake. • Contact Support Centre for OTF’s programs, processes, timelines, criteria, etc.  Telephone: • 416.963.4927,  TTY: 416.963.7905 ,  Toll-free: 1.800.263.2887, webistewww.otf.ca

28. NEXT STEPS • Trails Legislation • Bill 100 – Supporting Ontario’s Trails Act, 2016 received Royal Assent June 9, 2016. • Individual items of the act will now come into force in accordance with their respective schedules. For example, the Ontario Trails Act, 2016, will come into force upon its proclamation, the date for which has yet to be determined. • Other Trails Action Plan Items • To proceed with the implementation of the 31 items over the three year period including reporting on progress to the DWG on Trails and the Ontario Trails Coordinating Committee (OTCC) twice annually.

29. CONTACTS: MINISTRY OF TOURISM, CULTURE AND SPORT TRAIL POLICY • MTCS Sport, Recreation and Community Program Division (SRCPD) Policy Branch Trail Contacts • Carol Oitment, Policy Advisor, SRCPD, Policy Branch; carol.oitment@ontario.ca; 416-314-7205 • Garen Hagopian, Program Coordinator, SRCPD, Community Programs Unit; garen.hagopian@ontario.ca; • 416-314-0443 • MTCS Tourism Division • Darryl Soshycki, Manager Tourism Policy; darryl.soshycki@ontario.ca; 416 212-1676 • Kathy Mott, Policy Advisor, Tourism Policy; kathy.mott@ontario.ca; 416-314-7205 • Link to the Ontario Trails Strategy • Http://www.mtc.gov.on.ca/en/sport/recreation/A2010_TrailStrategy.pdf • Link to the Trails Action Plan 2015/16 to 2017/18 (Refer to the Ontario Trails Council’s Website) • http://www.ontariotrails.on.ca/assets/files/pdf/OTCC/Trails%20Action%20Plan%20-%20Final%20- • %20Dec%202015.pdf • Link to a complete list of available funding programs at Grants Ontario website • www.grants.gov.on.ca • Link to the Tourism Regional Economic Impact Model (TREIM) • http://www.mtc.gov.on.ca/en/research/treim/treim.shtml

30. CONTACTS: TOURISM, CULTURE AND SPORT RENFREW COUNTY AREA • Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport - Ottawa Regional Office: • Carmen Goold (Bilingual) Regional Advisor for Renfrew County, 347 Preston Street, 4th Floor, Ottawa ON K1S 3J4; carmen.goold@ontario.ca, Toll Free: 1-800-267-9340 ext. 3372 • Jonathon D. Harris, Tourism Industry Advisor, Regional Tourism Unit, 347 Preston Street, 4th Floor • Ottawa ON K1S 3J4; Email Jonathon.Harris@Ontario.ca; Tel.: (613) 742-3368 • Ontario Tourism Marketing Partnership Corporation (OTMPC) • Narvin Singh, Director, Partnerships and Regional Relations, 10 Dundas Street East, Suite 900, Toronto, ON M7A 2A1; Email Narvin.Singh@Ontario.ca; Tel: (416) 325-2761 • Regional Tourism Organization (RTO) 11 – Ontario Highlands Tourism Organization • Nicole Whiting, Executive Director, Ontario’s Highlands Tourism Organization, 9 International Drive, • Pembroke, ON K8A 6W5; Email nicole.whiting@ohto.ca; Tel: (613) 629-6486

31. SOURCE NOTES • Eastern Ontario Trails Alliance (EOTA). • Economic Impact Analysis Trans Canada Trail in Ontario by PriceWaterhouseCoopers, August 2004. • Economic Impact of Snowmobiling in Ontario, An Assessment of the 2013-2014 Snowmobiling Season by Harry Cummings and Shannon McIntyre, HCA, May 2014, Prepared for the Ontario Federation of Snowmobile Clubs. • The Economic Impact of All Terrain Vehicle Recreation in Canada: National, Provincial, and Territorial for Robert Ramsay, President, Canadian All Terrain Vehicle Distributors Council by Peter E. Gunther Smith Gunther Associates Dec 31, 2006. • Ontario Ministry of Tourism. Travel Statistics on Visitors Who Involved Cycling Activities While on Trip, as Compared to Non-Cycling Visitors: Tourism Research Report, 2010. • Statistics Canada, the International Travel Survey; Ontario Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport. • A Report to the Ontario Ministry of Health Promotion and Sport prepared by Peter T. Katamarzyk, Ph.D. of the Pennington Biomedical Research Center 2009 on The Economic Costs Associated with Physical Inactivity and Obesity in Ontario 2009. • Biddle and Ekkekakis, 2005; Teychenne et al., 2008. • Frank, L.D. et al. (2004) Obesity Relationships with Community Design, Physical Activity and Time Spent in Cars. • Ontario Trail Survey 2014, Government of Ontario, Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport. • Air Pollution Burden of Illness from Traffic in Toronto – Problems and Solutions. November 2007. Toronto, Canada. Toronto Public Health authored by Monica Campbell, Kate Bassil, Christopher Morgan, Melanie Lalani, Ronald Macfarlane and Monica Bienefeld for Dr. David McKeown Medical Officer of Health. • Ontario Federation of Snowmobile Clubs, the Waterfront Trail, Trans Canada Trail Ontario and the EOTA.