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pirmyX sMiKAwvW dI GtwE, ivAMjk nUM srl krn dw FMg. -. klws:- s`qvIN ivSw:- gixq AiDAwie:- 2 iqAwr krqw:- jiqMdrjIq (mYQ mwstr) s.s.s.s simtRI rof luiDAwxw. pUrv igAwn prK. sMiKAw iksnUM AwKdy hn? sMmpUrn sMiKAw qoN quhwfw kI Bwv hY? pirmyX sMiKAw qoN quhwfw kI Bwv hY?
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pirmyX sMiKAwvW dI GtwE, ivAMjk nUM srl krn dw FMg - klws:- s`qvIN ivSw:- gixq AiDAwie:- 2 iqAwr krqw:- jiqMdrjIq (mYQ mwstr) s.s.s.s simtRI rof luiDAwxw
pUrvigAwnprK • sMiKAw iksnUM AwKdy hn? • sMmpUrn sMiKAw qoN quhwfw kI Bwv hY? • pirmyX sMiKAw qoN quhwfw kI Bwv hY? • ik pirmyX sMiKAw dI Gtwau kIqI jw skdw hY? • Awau pirmyX sMiKAwvW dy Gtwau bwry ivsQwr pUrvk jwxdy hW?
swnUM pqw hY ik jy x Aqy y do sMpUrn sMiKAwvW hox qW x iv`coN y Gtwaux dw mqlb hY[ • x iv`c –y dw joV Bwv X-y= x+(-y) - - 7/9 4/9
ie`Qy K`by pwsy dw (-) icMnH Gtwaux dI ikirAw leI vriqAw igAw hY Aqy s`jy pwsy (-) icMnH dw ArQ hY sMmpUrn sMiKAw dw irxwqmk hoxw[ • do pirmyX sMiKAwvW dy Gtwaux nUM AsIN iesy qrHW pirBwiSq krdy hW[
jy p/q Aqy r/s do pirmyX sMiKAwvW hox qW p/q – r/s = p/q + (-r/s)
audwhrx:- 1/4 nUM 2/3 iv`coN 2/3 – 1/4 =2/3 + (-1/4) = 2*4+(-1)*3/3*4 =8+(-3)/12 =5/12
gux 1 joV dy guxw leI x+y = y+x s`c huMdw hY[ prMqU Gtwau dy gux iv`c x-y = y-x s`c nhI huMdw[ pr iDAwn idau ik x-y = -(y-x) ho skdw hY[
gux 2 joV dy gux leI (x+y) + z = x+(y+z) s`c huMdw hY[ prMqU Gtwau dy gux leI (x-y)-z = x-(y-z) kyvl z=0 leI s`c hY[ bwkI iksy pirmyX sMiKAw leI nhIN
gux 3:- joV leI 0 dw gux hY:- pr Gtwau dy leI, x-0 =x swrIAW pirmyX sMiKAwvW leI s`c hY, pr 0 – x = x kyvl x = 0 leI hI s`c hY[
ivAMjk nUM srl krn dw FMg AsIN ie`k ivAMjk 9/10 + 2/3 + 2/5 + (-2/15) + 5/2 – 7/6 nUM srl krky ie`k pirmyX sMiKAw dy rUp iv`c ilKxw cwhuMdy hW , do-do sMiKAwvW lY ky h`l krn dI jgHw hyT ilKy pgW duAwrw vI h`l kIqw jw skdw hY[
pg 1 ivAMjk nUM pirmyX sMiKAW iv`c ilKx leI sB qoN pihlW AsIN hr pRwpq krdy hW jo ik swnUM ivAMjk dy swry hrW dy l.s.v. qoN imldw hY (audwhrx iv`c 10, 3, 5, 15, 2, 6 dw l.s.v. = 30 hY[)
pg 2. pirmyX sMiKAw dw AMS AsIN hyT ilKy pgW iv`c pRwpq krWgy 1) pihlI sMiKAw dy hr nwl l.s.v. nUM Bwg krky BwgPl pRpq krdy hW (audwhrx iv`c hr = 10 Aqy l.s.v. = 30/10 krky BwgPl = 3 pRpq krdy hW)
2)pihlI sMiKAw dy AMS nUM (a) iv`c pRwpq BwgPl nwl guxw krky ie`k sMpUrn sMiKAw pRpq krdy hW (audwhrx iv`c pihlI sMiKAw dw AMS = 9 hY Aqy (a) iv`coN pRpq BwgPl = 3 hY qW AsIN 9*3=27 pRpq krdy hW[
3) ivAMjk dIAW swrIAW sMiKAwvW leI pg 2 (a) Aqy (b) nUM duhrwauNdy hW (audhrx iv`c ies qrHW pRpq hox vwlIAW sMpUrn sMiKAwvW qrqIb vwr 20,12,-4,75,-35 hn)
4) ies qrHW pRpq sMiKAwvW dy ivckwr auhI icMnH lgwauNdy hW, jo ivAMjk iv`c lwgvIA pirmyX sMiKAwvW dy ivckwr l`gy hn[ audwhrx iv`c ies qrHW pRwpq sMpUrn sMiKAw hY 27+20+12+(-4)+75-351
pg 2 iv`c pRpq ivAMjk qoN srl krky pRpq sMiKAw hI srl kIqI pirmyX sMiKAw dw AMS hY (audwhrx iv`c pRpq AMS 95 hY)
pg 3 pRpq sMKAw nUM sB qoN srl rUp iv`c ilKdy hW (auprokq audwhrx iv`c swnUM 95/30 srl krn qy pirmyX sMiKAw 19/6 pRpq huMdI hY[)
h`lkro • Gtwau • 1/4 nUM 2/3 iv`coN • -3/7 nUM 5/9 iv`coN • 7/10 nUM -4/15 iv`coN • -6/7 nUM -2/49 iv`coN
h`l • 1/4 nUM 2/3 5/12 • -3/7 nUM 5/9 62/63 • 7/10 nUM -4/15 -29/30 • -6/7 nUM -2/49 40/49
sRoq pMjwb skUl is`iKAw borf dI 7vIN dI ihswb dI pwT pusqk