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The Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union

The Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union. June 7, 1776 John Dickinson, PA delegate chief author June 12, 1777 adopted by Congress. Ratification. Delayed due to claims to land beyond the Appalachians Confederation given control over western lands 1781 Maryland last to sign. Power.

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The Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union

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  1. The Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union • June 7, 1776 • John Dickinson, PA delegate chief author • June 12, 1777 adopted by Congress

  2. Ratification • Delayed due to claims to land beyond the Appalachians • Confederation given control over western lands • 1781 Maryland last to sign

  3. Power • No executive office • Unicameral Legislature • 1 vote per state • 9/13 required to pass legislature • Changes to Articles required 13 • Congressional Powers • Admit new states, divide western lands, postal service, settle disputes, borrow and coin, raise army, appoint officers, declare war, negotiate peace and conduct foreign affairs. • States retained all powers not given to Congress • Tax (give money to government), enforce laws and

  4. Weakness • Could not enforce laws • No judiciary • COULD NOT TAX • Couldn’t pay debts or the army • Could not regulate trade • Multiple currencies • 9/13 is difficult to get…

  5. Articles of Confederation Powers (strengths) Limits (weaknesses) No executive branch No national court system No power to tax or raise national funds No power to regulate trade or currency No power to prohibit states from conducting foreign affairs Major laws require 9/13 approval • Coin and borrow money • Admit new states and divide western lands • Request money from states • Raise an army • Appoint military officers • Establish a postal system • Declare war and negotiate peace • Conduct foreign affairs

  6. Success • 1787 Northwest ordinance • System for admitting new states • Banned slavery in these territories • Established basic rights and freedoms

  7. “It’s the economy stupid” • 1783 Congress tried to get a tariff approved • 1787 only 9 states approved • Slow economic recovery following war • States pursued own interest

  8. Shay’s rebellion • September 1786 • Lead by Daniel Shays Massachusetts farmers rebelled • 1787 2,500 participants • Take Springfield armory • Exposed Article’s deficiencies

  9. Reform • 1785 George Washington invites VA and MD delegates to Mount Vernon • James Madison organizes larger meeting at Annapolis to regulate commerce; poor attendance • May 1787 Philadelphia • “for the sole and express purpose of revising the Articles of Confederation”

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