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Chapter 1 The First Civilizations

Chapter 1 The First Civilizations. History begins when people first began to write 5,500 years ago Artifacts and fossils give us clues Archeologists and anthropologists study these clues Paleolithic (Old Stone Age) began 2.5 million years ago and lasted until 8000 BC.

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Chapter 1 The First Civilizations

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  1. Chapter 1The First Civilizations

  2. History begins when people first began to write 5,500 years ago Artifacts and fossils give us clues Archeologists and anthropologists study these clues Paleolithic (Old Stone Age) began 2.5 million years ago and lasted until 8000 BC Section 1: Early Humans

  3. Examples of cave paintings

  4. Early humans were hunters-gatherers Were nomads Had to adapt to environment (What does that mean?) Last Ice Age began in 100,000 BC until 8,000 BC (How would the discover of fire have helped them during this time?) How they lived

  5. Spoken language was developed Used art to express their thoughts and feelings (look on pg 10!) Art may have had religious meaning Mostly used stone like flint and animal bones to make tools like spears, axes, and fishhooks Language, art, religion, and tools

  6. Lasted from 8000 BC to 4000 BC Began to domesticate animals Farming revolution! (look at map on pg 13!) Villages were developed in Europe, India, Egypt, China, Mexico, and the Middle East Two of the oldest communities are Jericho and CatalHuyuk Began to practice specialization Advances in tool-making, farming, and steady supplies of good contributed to population and cultural growth Neolithic times (New Stone Age)

  7. Civilizations: complex societies that have cities, organized governments, art, religion, class divisions, and a writing system First ones arose in river valleys (Why do you think so?) As cities grew, organization was needed Mesopotamia, now southern Iraq, is the earliest known civilization Section 2: Mesopotamian civilization

  8. Hot, dry climate with flooding rivers Irrigation came about here Sumer is a city-state in the southern part of Mesopotamia Sumerians believed in many gods and built ziggurats (pyramid-shaped towers) for worship Priests, priestesses, and kings had the power Mesopotamia

  9. Palaces and small mud-brick houses Farmers, artisans and traders 3 social classes: upper class-kings, priests, government officials, middle class -artisans, merchants, and fishers, Lower class- slaves Men and women had separate roles Life in Sumer

  10. Greatest Sumer invention: WRITING!! (called cuneiform) Only wealthy men knew how to write (scribes) Produced works of literature ex: Epic of Gilgamesh Irrigation systems, wagon wheel, the plow, sailboat Geometry, number system based on 60, 12 month calendar A skilled people

  11. Sargon, king of the Akkadians, conquered Mesopotamia in 2340 BC and set up world’s first empire Hammurabi, Babylonian king, took over and created the Babylonian Empire Hammurabi’s Law Code (see pgs 24-25 for more info!) Were his laws cruel or just? Sargon and hammurabi

  12. Answer the following questions from the textbook. Be sure to copy the questions as you answer them. Page 15 – What Did You Learn, #1 and #2 Page 17 – Geography Skills #1 and #2 Page 23 – What Did You Learn #1 and #2 RAP

  13. Draw an illustrated social class pyramid for the class structure of Sumer as described in your text on page 20. Wio

  14. The Assyrian Empire: possessed a large army and took over Mesopotamia around 900 BC Army was well-organized and well-equipped with weapons and horses 1st to use iron weapons Fierce warriors Drove people from their lands and moved them into foreign territories…..why do you think they did that??? Well-Organized Government- divided empire into provinces Harsh laws, which led to rebellion Chaldeans rose up and captured capital city of Ninevahin 612 BC Section 3: The First Empires

  15. Led by King Nebuchadnezzar Controlled Mesopotamia from 605-562 BC Descendants of Babylonians and Babylon became the world’s richest city Babylon was a major stop on a trade route b/w the Persian Gulf and Mediterranean Sea Babylon was a center of science (astronomy) The Hanging Gardens of Babylon- one of the 7 Wonders of the World Chaldean Empire fell to the Persians in 539 BC The Chaldean Empire and Babylon

  16. http://joseph_berrigan.tripod.com/ancientbabylon/id14.html http://www.unmuseum.org/hangg.htm The Hanging Gardens of Babylon

  17. Draw and label an illustration of the city of Babylon. Use the description on pgs 29-30. Label at least 5 items. WIO

  18. Read pages 24-25 and then answer the following question: Do you think Hammurabi’s Laws were fair or cruel? Give 2 reasons why you think they were fair and 2 reasons they were cruel. Explain in 2 sentences what you think about the laws. Use details from the passage to support your opinion. RAP

  19. Study for Chapter One Test! Answer the following questions on pages 32-33. …2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 13, 15, 16, 17 WOW

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