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WWII

WWII. The Path to War. Hitler on the Offensive A. Hitler violated the Versailles Treaty by occupying the Rhineland in March 1936 B. In 1938 he annexed Austria C. In September 1938 he demanded the return of the Sudetenland (part of Czechoslovakia) to Germany D. The Munich Conference

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WWII

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  1. WWII

  2. The Path to War • Hitler on the Offensive A. Hitler violated the Versailles Treaty by occupying the Rhineland in March 1936 B. In 1938 he annexed Austria C. In September 1938 he demanded the return of the Sudetenland (part of Czechoslovakia) to Germany D. The Munich Conference 1. England and France agree to Hitler’s demands in order to maintain the peace—appeasement 2. The British Prime Minister declared, “peace in our time” E. March 1939 Hitler invaded Czechoslovakia F. The Nazi-Soviet Pact G. September 1, 1939 Hitler invaded Poland and Great Britain and France declared war on Germany

  3. II. German Tactics A. Blitzkrieg, “lightning war” against Poland B. May 10, 1940 Hitler attacked Belgium, the Netherlands, and France (around the Maginot line) C. 340,000 British soldiers rescued at Dunkirk D. June 14th, German troops entered Paris and a few days later France surrendered

  4. F. The Battle of Britain 1. Hitler tries to bomb England into submission 2. The British turn to the RAF to save the country 3. In what the British people called The Blitz, 30,000 Londoners were killed 4. “Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few” Winston Churchill G. Japan builds an empire 1. Japan lacked raw materials and markets 2. Japan needed land to support its growing population 3. By 1940 Japan invaded and controlled most of eastern China 4. Japan enters into a Tripartite Pact with Germany and Italy 5. Japan sets its sights on control of all Southeast Asia

  5. H. The American Response 1. 1941 a. Japan invades Indochina—U.S. responds by freezing Japanese assets in the U.S. b. U.S. cuts off all trade with Japan c. Japanese military leaders took over the country 2. December 7, 1941-Japan attacks Pearl Harbor a. 2,400 killed, 1200 wounded b. 300 planes damaged or destroyed c. 18 ships sunk or heavily damaged including 8 of the fleet’s 9 battleships 3. F.D.R. asked Congress to declare war on Japan 4. 3 days later Germany and Italy declared war on the U.S.

  6. III. Before Pearl Harbor America tried to be neutral 1. Americans were disillusioned by WWI 2. Lend-Lease a. Roosevelt tried to help England b. March-1941 Lend-Lease Act allowed the President to send aid to any country vital to American security c. “arsenal of democracy”

  7. IV. The road to victory in Europe A. Roosevelt’s four freedoms 1. Freedom of speech and expression 2. Freedom of every person to worship God in his own way 3. Freedom from want 4. Freedom from fear B. The Battle of the Atlantic 1. The battle to keep Germany from cutting off Great Britain 2. The German submarines formed wolf packs to attack convoys C. Operation Torch (North Africa) 1. Germany and Italy were battling Britain in North Africa 2. November 1942—the British win at El Alamein D. July 1943—Operation Husky—the invasion of Sicily 1. The Germans fought the Allies for every inch of Italy 2. Hitler became frustrated with the Battle of Britain and attacked the Soviet Union in June 1941 E. Stalingrad 1. September 1942 2. German troops hold the city under siege 3. January 1943 German troops surrender 4. This was a turning point of the war

  8. F. Strategic Bombing of Germany 1. RAF and US bombs Germany day and night 2. Hamburg and Dresden suffered through firestorms and thousands were killed G. Preparing to invade 1. Operation Overlord—built up massive amounts of men and material in England 2. On June 6, 1944 the invasion, known as D-Day began H. 27 million people were killed on the eastern front between Russia and Germany I. On May 8th with the Soviets advancing from the east and the Americans and British from the west, Germany surrendered

  9. V. The War in the Pacific A. Japan attacked the Philippines after Pearl Harbor B. Japanese forces spread quickly across the Pacific winning victory after victory C. In 1942, the U.S. navy defeat the Japanese at the Battles of the Coral Sea and Midway D. Japan did not launch any offensive operations after Midway

  10. VI. The Manhattan Project A. Scientists succeeded in detonating the first atomic bomb in the desert of New Mexico in July of 1945 B. The decision to drop the bomb 1. Should we use the bomb? 2. On August 6, 1945 the Enola Gay a B-29 bomber dropped an atomic bomb called “Little Boy” on Hiroshima a. An estimated 140,000 people were killed b. 3 days later a second bomb, called “Fat man” was dropped on Nagasaki c. On August 14, Japan surrendered d. World War II officially ended on September 2, 1945

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