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Classification

Classification. Grouping organisms in a logical order. Taxonomy. Organisms have a universally accepted name. Using this scientific name ensures that you have the correct organism (ex. Grass) Scientific names are given in the Genus species format called binomial nomenclature.

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Classification

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  1. Classification Grouping organisms in a logical order

  2. Taxonomy • Organisms have a universally accepted name. • Using this scientific name ensures that you have the correct organism (ex. Grass) • Scientific names are given in the Genus species format called binomial nomenclature

  3. Carolus Linnaeus and Classification • Grouping organisms to reflect their anatomical similarities. • All living things were originally divided into two groups; plants and animals. • His system is currently in use today, but with many changes. 1707-1778

  4. Modern Classification SystemAll living things can be divided into three domains • These domains are based upon the similarities of their RNA. It is thought that these similarities represent evolutionary relationships.

  5. Relationships based upon SSU rRNA Bacteria Archaea Eukarya

  6. These are the “true” bacteria. DOMAIN: Bacteria

  7. Characteristics of DOMAIN: Bacteria • Single celled organisms that lack a nucleus. • Rigid cell walls containing peptidoglycan • Reproduce asexually or by conjugation • Can be either autotrophic or heterotrophic • Very diverse

  8. DOMAIN: Archae Many live in extreme environments.

  9. Characteristics of DOMAIN: Archaea • Single celled organisms that do not have a nucleus. • Rigid cell walls lacking peptidoglycan • Reproduce asexually or by conjugation • Live in extreme environmental conditions. • Differ from Eubacteria in their ribosomal RNA, their sensitivity to antibiotics, and in the many other organic chemicals that they produce.

  10. DOMAIN: Eukarya

  11. Characteristics of DOMAIN: Eukaryotes • Have a nucleus or come from a cell that has a nucleus. • Hereditary information is in the form of chromosomes. • Protista, Fungi, Plants and Animals all belong to the Domain Eukaryotes

  12. The Domain Eukaryote can be divided into Kingdoms Animalia Fungi Plantae Protista

  13. KINGDOM: Plantae

  14. Characteristics of Plantae • Multicellular • Photosynthetic and have chloroplast • The cell walls of all plants are made of cellulose • Most plants live on land.

  15. KINGDOM: Animalia

  16. Characteristics of Animals • Are multicellular • Do not have cell walls • Are heterotrophic with internal digestion • Reproduce sexually • Can move about in their environment

  17. KINGDOM: Fungi

  18. Characteristics of Fungi • Unicellular or Multicellular • Cell walls contain chitin • Sessile (they do not move) • Life cycle includes both sexual and asexual reproduction. • Hetertrophic with external digestion by use of enzymes

  19. KINGDOM: Protista

  20. Characteristics of Protista • All the remaining eukaryotes that are not plants, animals or fungi. • Most are unicellular, but several are multicellular organisms • Autotrophs or heterotrophs (Protists that are photosynthetic are called algae) • It is believed that with new knowledge this kingdom will be divided into several new kingdoms.

  21. Linnaeus’ Hierarchical system of Classification • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species • animalia • chordata • mammalia • primates • hominidae • homo • sapiens

  22. Homo sapiens sapiens genus species identifier subspecies

  23. Bibliography Campbell, Neil, Lawrence Mitchell and Jane Reece. Biology Concepts and Connections. Austin Wesley Longman Inc. 2000. Maddison, David R. The Tree of Life A Web Project. March 3, 2004. http://tolweb.org/tree/phylogeny.html Towle, Robert. Modern Biology. Holt, Reinhart and Winston: Austin. 1999.

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