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Ottoman Empire

Explore the history of the Ottoman Empire under the leadership of powerful sultans who expanded their influence through military conquests and cultural achievements. Learn about key figures like Osman, Orkhan I, Mehmed I, Murad II, Selim the Grim, and Suleyman the Lawgiver/Magnificent. Discover how the Ottomans pioneered the use of gunpowder in warfare, adopted a strict Islamic code of conduct, and created a formidable military force known as the Janissaries. Witness the empire's rise from Anatolia to conquering Mecca, Medina, Cairo, Belgrade, and more. Delve into the cultural and architectural legacy left by Suleyman, including the Mosque of Suleyman built by the renowned architect Sinan. Experience the era of the Ottoman Empire through the eyes of these remarkable rulers who shaped the course of history.

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Ottoman Empire

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  1. Ottoman Empire

  2. Warriors for Islam. • Under the leadership of an emir, chief commander. • Followed strict Islamic code of conduct. • Raided those who did not believe in Islam. ghazis

  3. Osman • OSMAN: MOST SUCCESSFUL GHAZI. • AKA OTHMAN. • FOLLOWERS BECAME KNOWN AS “OTTOMANS”. • Started on Anatolia Peninsula. • Military success was based on gunpowder. First people to use canons as offensive weapons.

  4. Orkhan I • Orkan I: Osman’s son. • Declared himself “SULTAN”, MEANING “OVERLORD” OR “ONE WITH POWER”. • Captured Adrianople.

  5. Timur the Lame • Injured by an arrow in the leg. • Burned Baghdad to the ground. • Crushed Ottoman forces halting the expansion of the Ottoman Empire. • Moved on to China. . . . .

  6. After Timur the Lame. . . . • Civil war broke out among the 4 sons of the Ottoman Emperor. . . . First of four powerful sultans who expanded the Ottoman Empire. SON Mehmed I Murad II

  7. Four Powerful Sultans • AT THE AGE OF 21, HE DECIDED HE WANTED CONTROL OF THE BOSPORUS STRAIT. . . . . • “GIVE ME CONSTANTINOPLE!!” • Used Cannons: • 26-feet long, 1,200 lb boulders • Huge Chain caused a HUGE PROBLEM. . . • SOLUTION: • Drag 70 ships over a hill on greased runners. . . . • Constantinople was now being attacked by two sides. . .they lasted 7 weeks. • This opened Constantinople to new citizens. . . . 1 SON 2 Murad II Mehmed II Started the expansion of the Ottoman Empire.

  8. Four Powerful Sultans 3 Selim the Grim • Mehmed’s Grandson • Effective ruler & general. • Defeated the Safavid’s at the Battle of Chaldrian. . . . • Then captured Mecca, Medina & Cairo. Then came Selim's son. . .

  9. Four Powerful Sultans 4 Suleyman the Lawgiver/Magnificent • Ruled for 46 Years. • Superb military leader. • Conquered. . . . . • Belgrade, Rhodes, Tripoli, North Africa, Hungary & Austria. • MOST POWERFUL MONARCH ON EARTH!!!!!

  10. Four Powerful Sultans 4 Suleyman the Lawgiver/Magnificent • Created a law code to handle both criminal & civil actions. • Simplified taxation & reduced government bureaucracy.

  11. Four Powerful Sultans 4 Suleyman the Lawgiver/Magnificent • 20,000 slaves were part of devshirmesystem. • Sultan’s army drafted boys from the peoples of conquered Christian territories, educated them, converted them to Islam & trained them as soldiers. • Janissaries: elite force of 30,000 soldiers trained to be loyal to the sultan ONLY.

  12. Law: • Suleyman the Lawgiver: • Law code outlined penalties for various criminal acts. • He tried to reduce bribes. • He did not allow imprisonment without a trial. • He rejected promotions that were not based on merit.

  13. Sinan & the Mosque of Suleyman

  14. What were the advantages of the devshirme system to the sultan? The sultan had a loyal force that was highly trained and able to run and defend his empire.

  15. What is a "millet"? Christian and Jewish nations {under control of the Ottomans} who were allowed to follow their own religious laws and practices.

  16. What were some of Suleyman's cultural achievements? Poetry, history, geography, astronomy, mathematics, & architecture.

  17. Which cultural achievements of Suleyman's reign were similar to the European Renaissance? Flowering architecture, art & literature.

  18. Religious Views: Tolerant of all "People of the Book" {Christians & Jews}

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