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Ottoman Empire

Ottoman Empire. By: Alyssa Ayala, Cassidy Cain, & Jen Fahr. The Ottoman Empire. Establishment The Creation Location Period of Time it Existed Religion Impact on Europe Foreign Relations The Rising of the Ottoman Empire The Golden Age (1481-1566) The Downfall of the Ottoman Empire

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Ottoman Empire

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  1. Ottoman Empire By: Alyssa Ayala, Cassidy Cain, & Jen Fahr

  2. The Ottoman Empire • Establishment • The Creation • Location • Period of Time it Existed • Religion • Impact on Europe • Foreign Relations • The Rising of the Ottoman Empire • The Golden Age (1481-1566) • The Downfall of the Ottoman Empire • Significance of the Ottoman Empire

  3. Establishment • Othman (Osman) founded the Ottoman Empire around 1307 • Turkish tribal chief • Founded the dynasty called Osmanli (Sons of Osman) • Seljuks- strongest tribe of the Turks who established themselves in Asia minor • The Mongols defeated the Seljuks in 1283 and Othman emerged as the leader of the Turks in the fight against the Byzantine Empire

  4. The Creation • This empire was created by Turkish tribes in Anatolia • It emerged in Asia Minor after the breakdown of the empire of the Seljuk Turks • Ottoman Turks began to take over the other states and ending all other Turkish dynasties • The Ottomans achieved many victories and were able to place large parts of the Balkan Peninsula under their rule • Ottoman’s now have a stable empire

  5. Location • Ruled parts of southeastern Europe, the Middle East, and East Africa for more than 600 years • Includes Anatolia, the Balkans, Crimea, Hungary, parts of Syria, Arabia, and North Africa

  6. Location

  7. Period of time it existed • Existed form 1301-1922 • One of the largest and longest lasting Empires in the world • Stayed a strong empire because it was ruled by a single family for 7 centuries • Reached it’s height from 1520-1566 • Began to decline in 1571 • 1922 the sultan was overthrown ending the empire

  8. Religion • Main religion was Islam • Islamic ideals and laws form the basis of their society, government, and law • The Suleiman was regarded as the religious leader of Islam and Muslims • Other religions were ensured protection in the empire

  9. Impact on Europe • Many European countries ignored the expansion of the Ottoman Empire • They viewed the Turks as a threat to Christian civilization • People, such as Luther and Desiderius Erasmus, saw the Turks as a sign of God’s anger toward Europe • They urged for repentance and reform • The Ottoman Turks became less of a concern to Europe as the Renaissance continued

  10. Foreign Relations • Military alliance with France, England, and the Netherlands • Wars against Habsburg Spain, Italy, and Habsburg Austria

  11. The rise of the ottoman Empire • 1. Gained landed in the northwest corner of the Anatolian Peninsula by the Seljuk Turks due to their assistance in fighting the Mongols • 2. Expanded westward to control Bosporus and the Dardanelles, which were two straits that connected the Black Sea and the Aegean Sea. (Byzantine Empire previously controlled this land) • 3. They expanded into the Balkans • Ottoman rulers claimed the name of sultan and built a strong military by developing an elite guard called janissaries • 4. New Technology • Janissaries used firearms to spread the Ottoman Empire • 1400- defeated the Serbs and annexed Bulgaria

  12. The Golden Age (1481-1566) • Three sultans ruled the Ottoman Empire at its height: • Beyazid (1481-1512)- extended empire into Europe, added outposts to the Black Sea, put down revolts in Asia Minor, and turned the Ottoman Fleet into a major Mediterranean naval power • Selim (1512-1520)- eliminated all competition for his position, established control over the army, and moved south and eastward into Syria, Mesopotamia, Arabia, and Egypt • Suleyman I the Magnificient(1530-1566)- captured Belgrade in 1521, captured Rhodes in 1522, broke military power of Hungary, and waged three campaigns against Persia

  13. The downfall of the Ottoman Empire • The Battle of Lepanto (1571) • Beginning of the downfall • Conflict between the Ottoman and Habsburg empires extended to Mediterranean Sea • Turkish navy fought against Spain and Venice • Destruction of the Turkish fleet • Government • Became weaker and parts of the empire began to act independently • Murad III (Ruled 1574-95) the Caucasus were conquered and Azerbaijan seized • Ottomans were driven out of the Caucasus and Azerbaijan in 1603 and out of Iraq in 1604

  14. The downfall of the Ottoman Empire • Ottomans were at war with European enemies for 41 years • Lost Blakan territory and all possessions on shores of the Black Sea • Selim II (ruled 1789-1807) attempted to reform empire and navy but he failed and was overthrown • Mahmud II (ruled 1808-39) empire was in desperate straits • “Sick Man of Europe” (1850-1922) • Ottomans forced to sign the Treaty of San Stefano which would end their rule in Europe except for Congress of Berlin • Abdulhamid II (ruled 1876-1909) developed strong ties with Germany and fought on their side in World War I • Mohammed VI fled in 1922 after the sultanate was abolished

  15. Significance of the Ottoman Empire • Universalized the civilizations of East and West • Influenced Islamic religions in the Middle East and Persia • Provided a strong and organized military • Had a centralized political structure • One of the largest, longest lasting and most successful empires

  16. Bibliography • "Ottoman Empire." Gale Encyclopedia of World History: Governments. Vol. 1. Detroit: Gale, 2008. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 7 Mar. 2014. • "Ottoman Empire." Renaissance: An Encyclopedia for Students. Ed. Paul F. Grendler. Vol. 3. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2004. 132-134. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 7 Mar. 2014. • "Ottomans and Ottoman Empire." The Middle Ages: An Encyclopedia for Students. Ed. William Chester Jordan. Vol. 3. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1996. 186-189. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 7 Mar. 2014. • "Introduction to the Rise and Fall of the Ottoman Empire (Fourteenth to Seventeenth Centuries)." Gale Encyclopedia of World History: War. Vol. 1. Detroit: Gale, 2008. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 7 Mar. 2014. • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_the_Ottoman_Empire • http://www.mideastweb.org/Middle-East-Encyclopedia/ottoman.htm • http://www.umich.edu/~turkish/links/ottemp_brhist.html • http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/history/ottomanempire_1.shtml • http://lostislamichistory.com/islam-and-the-ottoman-empire/

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