Section 2 The Cranial Nerves( 脑神经 )

1. Section 2 The Cranial Nerves(脑神经) I. Olfactory n. (嗅神经) II. Optic n. (视神经) III. Oculomotor n. (动眼神经) IV. Trochlear n. (滑车神经) V. Trigeminal n. (三叉神经) VI. Abducent n. (展神经) VII. Facial n. (面神经)

3. vcv

4. vcv

5. vcv

6. vcv

7. vcv

8. vcv

9. vcv

10. The Cranial Nerves VIII. Vestibulocochlear n. (前庭蜗神经) (位听神经) IX. Glossopharyngeal n. (舌咽神经) X. Vagus n. (迷走神经) XI. Accessory n. (副神经) XII. Hypoglossal n. (舌下神经) 一嗅二视三动眼，四滑五叉六外展，七面八听九舌咽， 迷.副，舌下十二全。

11. Introduction A. Classification of the Cranial Nerves 1. Sensory nerves (感觉神经): I, II, VIII. 2. Motor nerves (运动神经): III, IV, VI, XI, XII. 3. Mixed nerves (混合神经): V, VII, IX, X.

12. Introduction B. Components of the Cranial Nerves 1. Sensory (afferent) fibers [感觉(传入) 纤维] 1) general somatic sensory fiber(GSA)(一般躯体感觉纤维): skin nerve endings (皮肤神经末稍) muscle spindles (肌梭)

13. Introduction  2) special somatic sensory fiber(SSA)(特殊躯体感觉纤维): visual (视), hearing (听), balance organs (平衡)

14. Introduction  3) general visceral sensory fiber (GVA) (一般内脏感觉纤维): all viscera (全部内脏) 4) special visceral sensory fiber (SVA) (特殊内脏感觉纤维): olfactory (嗅器) and taste (味器)

15. Introduction 2. Motor (efferent) fibers [运动 (传出）纤维] 1) general somatic motor fiber (GSE) (一般躯体运动纤维): muscles of the eye and tongue (眼外肌和舌肌)

16. Introduction 2) general visceral motor fiber (GVE) (一般内脏运动纤维): smooth mm. (平滑肌), cardiac mm. (心肌), glands (腺体)

17. Introduction  3) special visceral motor fiber (SVE) (特殊内脏运动): skeletal muscles derive from branchial arch (源于鳃弓的骨骼肌) I 鳃弓  咀嚼肌 II 鳃弓  面肌 III-VII 鳃弓  咽喉肌, 胸锁乳突肌,斜方肌

18. I. The Olfactory Nerve (嗅神经)SVA olfactory cells (嗅细胞) within the olfactory epithelium of nasal cavity (在鼻腔内嗅区上皮) olfactory bulb (嗅球) [anosmia 嗅觉丧失, hyposmia 嗅觉减退] olfactory filaments (I) (嗅丝) cribriform foramina [anosmia 嗅觉丧失]

19.  II. The Optic Nerve (视神经) SSA optic chiasma (视交叉) rod cells (视杆细胞) cone cells (视锥细胞) ganglionic cells (节细胞) bipolar cells (双极细胞) II optic canal (视神经管) [total blindness 全盲] photoreceptor cells (感光细胞)

20.  Ⅲ. The Oculomotor Nerve (动眼神经)GSE, GVE superior rectus levator palpebrae superioris (上直肌,上睑提肌) midbrain （中脑） 脚间窝 III superior branch(上支) III inferior branch(下支) inferior rectus medial rectus inferior oblique (下直肌,内直肌,下斜肌) sup. orbital fissure (眶上裂) sphincter pupil, ciliary m. (瞳孔括约肌,睫状肌) [strabismus 斜视] [眼睑下垂, 瞳孔扩大 , 眼球转向外下, 复视]

21.  Ⅲ. The Oculomotor Nerve (动眼神经)GSE, GVE

22.  Ⅳ. The Trochlear Nerve (滑车神经)GSE midbrain (中脑) 背侧 sup. orbital fissure(眶上裂) superior oblique （上斜肌） IV

23.  Ⅴ. The Trigeminal Nerve(三叉神经)GSA, SVE lacrim n(泪腺) lacrimal gland(泪腺) frontal (额) n 眶上神经 额皮 V ganglion (三叉神 经节) 滑车上神经 ophthalmic n (眼神经) nasociliary(鼻睫) n 鼻背,腔,筛窦,眼球 pons (脑桥) infraorbital(眶下) n 眼口间皮肤 V maxillary n (上颌神经) Zygomatic n.(颧神经) 颧部皮肤 sup.alveolar(上牙槽) n 上牙,牙龈 mandibular nerve (下颌n) auriculotemporal n 颞部皮肤 buccal (颊) n 颊部皮肤,粘膜 VII lingual (舌) n 舌前 2/3 一般感觉 [trigeminal neuralgia 三叉神经痛] [trigeminal nerve block 三叉神经封闭] Taste.舌前2/3味觉 鼓索 inf. alveolar n mental 颏n 下唇皮肤 lower teeth下牙,牙龈 下颌舌骨肌N mastic.mm.咀嚼肌 masticat. brs(咀嚼肌支)

24. Ⅴ. The Trigeminal Nerve (三叉神经) GSA, SVE

25. Ⅴ. The Trigeminal Nerve (三叉神经) GSA, SVE

26. Ⅴ. The Trigeminal Nerve (三叉神经) GSA, SVE

27.  Ⅵ. The Abducent Nerve (展神经)GSE sup. orbital fissure(眶上裂) pons （脑桥） lateral rectus （外直肌） VI [strabismus斜视] [diplepia (double vision) 复视]

28. VII. The Facial Nerve (面神经)SVE,SVA,GSA,GVE V1 lacrimal n pons (脑桥) 延髓沟 geniculate ganglion (膝神经节) lacrimal gland nasal glands palatine glands (泪,鼻腔,腭腺) greater petrosaln (岩大神经) pterygo- palatine ganglion 腭,蝶腭N VII VII stapedial n (镫骨肌神经) stapedius (镫骨肌) taste of anterior 2/3 of tongue (舌前味觉) [facial paralysis 面神经瘫] [facial spasm 面痉挛] tympanic chord(鼓索) lingual n(舌神经) temporal branches (颞支) submandibular gland, sublingual gland (下颌下腺,舌下腺) zygomatic branches (颧支) buccal branches (颊支) marginal mandibul. br(下颌缘) facial mm. (面肌) cervical branch (颈支)

29. VII. The Facial Nerve (面神经) SVE,SVA,GSA,GVE

30. VII. The Facial Nerve (面神经) SVE,SVA,GSA,GVE

31.  Ⅷ. The Vestibulocochlear Nerve (前庭蜗神经)SSA macullae of saccule(椭圆囊) macullae of utricle(球囊) ampullary crest(壶腹嵴) brain stem (脑干) 延髓脑桥沟 vestibular ganglion (前庭神经节) [nervous deafness 神经性耳聋] vestibular n. (前庭神经) 头位置 cochlear n. (蜗神经) spiral ganglion (螺旋神经节) 听觉 spiral organs （螺旋器） Int.acous. meatus & pore (内耳道,内耳门)

32.  Ⅷ. The Vestibulocochlear Nerve (前庭蜗神经)SSA

33.  Ⅸ. The Glossopharyngeal Nerve (舌咽神经) medulla oblongata (延髓) SVE, GVE, SVA, GVA,GSA IX sup. ganglion otic gang parotid gland(腮腺) inf. ganglion tympanic n(鼓室) carotid sinus branch carotid sinus & glomus post. 1/3 of tongue (taste & other sensory) lingual br (舌支) pharyngeal branch(咽支) pharynx pharyngeal mm. stylopharyngeal br (茎突咽肌支) stylopharyn.(茎突咽肌) palantine tonsil(腭扁桃体) tonsillar br.(扁桃体支) post.auricular br(耳后支) post. auricul. skin(耳后皮肤)

34.  Ⅸ. The Glossopharyngeal Nerve (舌咽神经) SVE, GVE, SVA, GVA,GSA

35.  Ⅹ. The Vagus Nerve (迷走神经) SVE, GVE, GVA,GSA medulla oblongata X L R sup. ganglion 耳支耳廓,硬脑膜 ext.br.(外支) cricothyroideus(环甲肌) sup.laryng.n(喉上N) int.br.(内支) laryn.mucosa(喉粘膜) inf. ganglion phary.br.(咽支) phary.mm(咽肌) & mucosa(粘膜) sup.cerv.card.br.(颈上心支) cardiac plexus (心丛) heart mm (心肌) sense inf.cerv.card.br.(颈下心支) trac. br(气管支) 气管腺,肌 & mucosa(粘膜) rec.laryng. n.(喉返N) esoph.br(食管支) 食管腺,肌 & mucosa(粘膜) inf.laryng.n(喉下N) laryng.mm喉肌 & mucosa(粘膜) bronc.br.(支气管支) pulmonary plx 支气管腺,肌 & mucosa(粘膜) esophag.br.(食管支) esoph. plx 食管腺,肌 & mucosa(粘膜) hepat.br.(肝支) hepat. plx 肝腺,肌 sens ant.vagal tr.(前干) ant.gast.br(胃前支) gast. plx 胃腺,肌 sens post.vagal tr.(后干) post.gast.br(胃后支) gast. plx 胃腺,肌 sens celiac br.(腹腔支) celiac plx 肠腺,肌 sens

36.  Ⅹ. The Vagus Nerve (迷走神经) SVE, GVE, GVA,GSA

37.  XI. The Accessory Nerve (副神经) SVE medulla oblongata (脑干) X pharyngeal mm. laryngeal mm(咽喉肌) cranial root (颅根) spinal cord (脊髓) spinal root(脊根)XI sterno-cleido-mastoideus (胸锁乳突肌) trapezius(斜方肌)

38. XII. The Hypoglossal Nerve(舌下神经)GSE medulla oblongata (延髓) [paralysis of tongue mm. 舌肌瘫痪] (伸舌时舌歪向患侧) XII hypo- glossal canal 舌下 神经管 mm of tongue (舌肌) lingual branches(舌支) descending br(降支) ansa cervicalis (颈袢) infrahyoid mm (舌骨下肌群) cervical plexus (颈丛)