Comeback Cities:

1. Comeback Cities: A Blueprint for Urban Neighborhood Revival

2. Acknowledgements: • Authors • Paul S. Grogan • Tony Proscio • Presentation: • Brian Hatvick • Nicole Soboleski • Teri Carrigan

3. Comeback Cities • Introduction • The Case for a Turnaround • The Grassroots Revival – 1st Main Pt. • Emerging Markets* - 2nd Main Pt. • Public Order* - 3rd Main Pt. • Deregulating the City* - 4th Main Pt. • Conclusion

4. Introduction • Inner cities are rebounding • Bleak picture is not wrong, just misleading • Something different is happening • Rusk and Orfield – metropolitanists • Cities are becoming more livable • Four Trends – Main Pts.!!! • The point is that cities are becoming more livable due to the four trends.

5. The Case for a Turnaround • South Bronx, New York • Past – Up in Flames • Present – On Fire • Mass Exit: A Vision of Urban Doom • “Evacuation bonuses” • Four Waves • A Surprising Convergence of Positives*** • Grassroots Revitalization/Revival • Emerging/Reviving Markets • Public Order/Falling Crime • Deregulating the City/Public Systems

6. The Grassroots Revival - #1 • The Beginning of CDC’s • Today’s CDC’s • Recipe “4” Success • Not Too Much “2” Soon • Intermediaries • Ford Foundation, LISC, & Enterprise • National Community Develop. Initiative • Three Vital Functions • Politics • Public Officials, Mayors, & Government • Low Income Housing Tax Credit • Community Reinvestment Act • When Work Disappears

7. Emerging Markets – Part Trois • Sit by the fire, children, grandma’s going to tell you a four-process story… *Success of “comeback cities” is attributed to • Public & private investment in housing • Federal regulations draw big banks into residences and small businesses • Businesses tap into the inner-city goldmine • Keep residents there and keep the visitors coming! (Does this sound familiar? How is it similar to the four things that Brian talked about—the thesis of our presentation…think about this if you want the candy). 

8. Markets Continue to Emerge • A revolution occurs in the inner-cities: The credit is coming, the credit is coming! *CRA is the acronym of the day! (Community Reinvestment Act…learn it, love it!) *Other acronyms are not as heroic as our friend c.r.a. • HOLC (Home Owner’s Loan Corporation) • FHA (Federal Housing Administration) • FNMA (Federal National Mortgage Association…Well, hello Ms. “Fannie Mae”) • FHLMC (Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation…or just call him “Freddie Mac”). *A Crew of Mapmakers and Discriminators! Boo hoo!*

9. HARD EVIDENCE!“The best things in life are free, but you can give them to the birds and bees, I want your money…that’s what I want!–an obscure ’80s song by The Flying Lizards • First Union/Corestates: $14 billion, five-year commitment… • Wells-Fargo/First Interstate: $45 billion, ten-year commitment… • Chemical/Chase Manhattan: $18 billion, $70 million to charity, BUT… • May 4, 1998: “Citicorp and Travelers Group today made a ten-year, $115 billion commitment to lending and investing in low and moderate income communities and small businesses” (107, New York headline). But Most important is the fact that… • “The home-ownership rate for native-born young black African American households increased from 31 percent to almost 44 percent between 1980 and 1990. For native-born young Hispanic households, the rate increased from 38 to 52 percent” (122).

10. New Stores & Customers on Main Street • Why inner-city business is profitable: *Previous non-existence of good retail to urbanites. *Density vs. Wealth (Take that, you suburbanites!) Who is taking part in this inner-city retail crusade? *Rite-Aid: $230 million in investments. *Payless ShoeSource and McDonald’s are experts in sniffing out safe, but deprived neighborhoods. *And even our friends, The Gap, markets hip-hop artists to sell their clothing in inner-city, minority neighborhoods. (Remember L.L. and the Misdemeanour decked out in Gap?)

11. A neatly packaged lesson to take home to the Family… • Inner city neighborhoods, previously depressed are making an economic comeback because— *Public & private investment in housing *The CRA pressures banks into giving back to communities. *Businesses have finally tapped into the inner-city goldmines! *Identify the way to keep residents there and keep the visitors coming!

12. Chicago’s Cabrini-Green in its darkest days—crime and poverty ravish the housing development. • Photo source: http://www.chicagohauntings.com/cabrini_green.jpg

13. Public Order: Part Four • Stories of Hope—Inspiration for Improvement *Cabrini-Green, Chicago’s worst neighborhood—now greatly improved. *The South Bronx—another success story. William Bratton: Head of NYPD—sweats the small stuff and seizes the “Broken Windows” ideology. “Broken Windows” advocates fix up houses, therefore Nicer homes=Feelings of community respect Community respect + Small-crime policing = Better neighborhoods!

14. Public Order Continued • Crime Reduction Statistics: *New York crime falls 12% in 1994, 16% in 1995. Between 1990 and 1996, the homicide rate fell: 54% in Houston 27.9% in Los Angeles 17.7% in Philadelphia 15.9% in Washington, D.C. *Since 1973, violent crime at its lowest in 1998. *National Homicide Rate is 6 per 100,000 (the 1967 rate).

15. Deregulating the City - #4 • Public Housing • Community Involvement • Public Schools • Breaking up the Monopoly • Welfare • Breaking Down the Cycle

16. Conclusion: Four Positives • Grassroots Revival • Emerging Markets • Public Order • Deregulating the City • Seize the Moment --------*THE END*---------