Indian Wars 1864 1890 s A series of wars and battles to take lands and exterminate the Native American cultures throug

1. Indian Wars1864 � 1890�sA series of wars and battles to take lands and exterminate the Native American cultures throughout the United States

2. Famous Native American Chiefs Chief Joseph Crazy Horse Sitting Bull Geronimo

3. Chief Joseph Nez Perce Tribe Hin-Mah-Too-Yah Thunder Rolling Down the Mountain Nicknamed �Red Napoleon� Led 750 members of his tribe (more than 1/2 of them were women and children) on a tactical retreat through the Bitterroot Mts. 1400 miles �19 engagements

4. Crazy HorseLakota Tribe Legendary Warrior Leader in the battle of Rosebud Creek successfully turned back U.S. troops which were on their way to help General Custer Joined Sitting Bull at Little Big Horn Died after being ran through with a bayonet, trying to return to his sick wife

5. Sitting BullLakota Tribe Chief & Medicine Man Killed by his own Lakota men; working for the Americans as police officers. Wanted to be known as the last Native American leader to surrender Joined the Buffalo Bill Wild West show for four months $50 for riding around the stadium once

6. GeronimoApache Tribe Fought against both Mexican and United States troops Refused to acknowledge the United States Government He was never a Chief, but was a military and spiritual leader He was the most feared of the Native American leaders Captured at Skeleton Canyon He became a tourist attraction

7. The Ghost Dance Wovoka, a great new Indian Messiah The Ghost Dance religion promised an apocalypse in which the earth would be destroyed, only to be recreated with the Indians as the inheritors of the new earth. According to the prophecy, white people would be obliterated, buried under the new soil of the spring that would cover the land and restore the prairie. The buffalo and antelope would return, and deceased ancestors would rise to once again roam the earth, free of violence, starvation, and disease. �The Ghost Shirt� believed to be bullet proof. Increasing tribe participating in this dance scare white settlers; leading to the massacre at Wounded Knee

8. Americans President Andrew Jackson Indian Removal Act President Ulysses S. Grant Ordered all Indians to move unto reservations or be considered hostiles President Grover Cleveland Passes the Dawes Act General Custer William F. Cody George Crook

9. General Custer George Armstrong Custer earned respect in the Civil War Leader of the 7th Calvary One of three leaders at the Battle of Little Big Horn � Custer�s last battle. His defeat at Little Big Horn was one the greatest fiascos of Indian Wars for the United States Army Custer�s wife Elizabeth did much to advance his reputation. Custer is thought of today as the personification of the U.S. Government�s ill-treatment of the Native Americans

10. William F. Cody �Buffalo Bill� Joined the Pony Express at age 14 Earned the nickname by killing buffalo to feed the railroad construction crews Joined the military as scout & was in sixteen battles More of celebrity than a war hero, but earned the Congressional Medal of Honor

11. George Crook Considered America�s greatest Indian fighter Fought against the Apache, Sioux, Comanche & Lakota Chased Geronimo into the mountains several times failing to catch him.

12. Famous BattlesWestern United States Bear Paw Mountain Sand Creek Little Big Horn Wounded Knee

13. Battle of Bear Paw Mountain Chief Joseph, of the Nez Perce, led 750 tribe members on a 1400 mile trek trying to get to safe haven in Canada Pursued by American soldiers that finally surrounded Chief Joseph 30 miles from the Canadian border at Bear Mountain Nez Perce fought but eventually surrendered This 1400 mile trek is considered one of the most brilliant in American history

14. Sand Creek The 1st of the Indian massacres General Chivington was informed the tribes of the Cheyenne and Sioux were joining forces to attack. Chief Black Kettle flew the white flag but General Chivington ordered his troops to fire anyway Indians fought with hardly any weapons mostly running away only to be chased down and shot 9 American soldiers lost 200-400 Cheyenne murdered and mutilated mostly older men, women and children

15. Little Big Horn �Custer�s Last Stand� Three-pronged attack on the Lakota by Custer, Crook and Gibson General Custer advanced his troops too quickly Crazy Horse�s success against General Crook at Rosebud Creek delay Crook�s arrival General Custer split his troops into three fronts His troops were pushed back and surrounded by 1000�s of Lakota Custer and all 210 of his troops were killed

16. Wounded Knee The last battle/ massacre of the Indian Wars A massacre of Lakota tribe December 1890 The U.S. Army thought the Ghost Dance was a war dance Estimated that 350 Native American were killed at Wounded Knee, 29 American soldiers mostly by friendly fire Soldiers were order to take weapons from the Native Americans. No one knows for but historians think� A deaf Indian refused to give up his weapon and in a struggle to take the weapon it discharged. The soldiers reacted by firing their Hotchkiss guns Hotchkiss gun used on the Lakota could fire 200 rounds/minute Many stories about what happened after the firing started American soldiers killing anyone in sight, mutilating the bodies of the wounded, and killing those that surrendered

17. Dawes Act - 1887 President Cleveland�s attempt to absorb the Native Americans into white culture Divide the Indian Reservations into 160 acre plots distributed to Indian heads of families Indian families would learn to farm and become part of the agricultural economy Forced education of Indian children in off-reservation boarding schools and the suppression of Native religions, languages, and cultural practices. This failed because the Native Americans didn�t know how to farm, lands given were some of the most barren, arid terrain on the continent.

18. The Shrinking Frontier Homestead Act of 1862 - granted free land to those willing to live on and cultivate it for five years first transcontinental railroad completed in 1869 California & Colorado Gold Rushes Bozeman Trial leading to California right through Indian territory. Cattlemen