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Diesel Vegetable Oil Conversion Workshop SolarFest July 15, 2006 Chris Reville Devin Van Zandt Roadfry

Diesel Vegetable Oil Conversion Workshop SolarFest July 15, 2006 Chris Reville Devin Van Zandt Roadfry.com Basic Background Since 2003, fuel costs have increased by nearly 100% in the US Major consumers of fuel have limited control over rising costs US and Europe have limited in-country supply

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Diesel Vegetable Oil Conversion Workshop SolarFest July 15, 2006 Chris Reville Devin Van Zandt Roadfry

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  1. Diesel Vegetable Oil Conversion WorkshopSolarFestJuly 15, 2006Chris RevilleDevin Van ZandtRoadfry.com

  2. Basic Background • Since 2003, fuel costs have increased by nearly 100% in the US • Major consumers of fuel have limited control over rising costs • US and Europe have limited in-country supply • Growth in China and India are driving demand • Oil industry dominated by Middle Eastern cartel (66% of oil reserves) • Some experts say a global supply shortage is possible within the next 25 years • Rising fuel costs have a significant impact on economic growth • An equivalent performance diesel vehicle uses approximately 40% less fuel than a gasoline vehicle • Only 1.4% of passenger cars in the US operate on Diesel fuel • Approximately 55% of the passenger cars sold in France are Diesel

  3. Diesel, Bio-diesel, WVO & SVO • The average cost of Diesel fuel in the US is $2.98 as of July 14th, 2006 • Diesel vehicles can operate using bio-fuels • Bio-diesel • Waste Veg. Oil (WVO) (old fry oil) • Straight Vegetable Oil (SVO) (unused oil) • According to the United States EPA, restaurants in the US produce about 300 million US gallons of waste cooking oil annually Bio-Diesel WVO or SVO • Vegetable or Animal Fat Based Fuel made via a chemical process with Methanol and Lye • Gel Point ~ 40 F • Compatible with viton seals (~1996 or newer vehicles) • Must be heated to ~160 – 180 F for use in diesel engine • Ideally pre-filtered to 5 microns. • Requires more vehicle alteration (normally dual tank system) • Much lower operating costs

  4. Prices Much Higher in Europe

  5. The Facts and Trends No relief in sightOn Wednesday, the federal Energy Information Administration warned that drivers can expect retail gas prices to average above $2.10 a gallon on a monthly basis through 2006, while truckers will face average diesel fuel costs over $2.20. The EIA said its forecast is based on the price for U.S. crude oil staying above $55 a barrel during the same period. “It does appear that retail gasoline and diesel prices will remain above $2 per gallon for the foreseeable future,” the EIA said in its weekly review of the oil market. The national price for regular unleaded gasoline hit a record $2.37 a gallon on Monday, while diesel fuel rose to $2.41 -- less than half a penny from its all-time high http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/8912403/ August 11, 2005

  6. European Diesel Expansion URL: http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/oil_gas/petroleum/presentations/2005/dflvehicles/index.html

  7. The Diesel Engine • Developed by Rudolph Diesel in 1892 • Focused on high efficiency replacement for steam engine • Increased efficiency from 12% to 26% • Demonstrated the engine at the World’s Fair in Paris in 1898 • Running on peanut oil • How does it works? • Air is drawn into cylinder and compressed by rising piston • As the air is compressed, the temperature rises • As the piston rises to the top of it’s stoke, the fuel is injected at very high pressure into combustion chamber (mixing with the hot air • The mixture ignites and forces the piston downward

  8. How does the Diesel Engine Differ from a Gas Engine? • Gas compression ratio is typically 8:1, Diesel is up to 25:1 • A gasoline engine intakes a mixture of gas and air, compresses it and ignites the mixture with a spark. A diesel engine takes in just air, compresses it and then injects fuel into the compressed air. The heat of the compressed air lights the fuel spontaneously. • Gasoline engines generally use either carburetion, in which the air and fuel is mixed long before the air enters the cylinder, or port fuel injection, in which the fuel is injected just prior to the intake stroke (outside the cylinder). Diesel engines use direct fuel injection -- the diesel fuel is injected directly into the cylinder. • Diesel engines produce higher torque due to the increase compression ratio • Diesel engines are generally heavier to withstand increase compression ratio • For equivalent performance, the diesel engine is 40% more efficient than a gasoline engine

  9. Why Vegetable Oil? • It has very good energy content (roughly 7 to 10%) lower than Diesel fuel • Fuel efficiency nearly equivalent to Diesel • Emissions are lower than Diesel • CO2 - carbon neutral – absorbed and released) • Particulate matter is 40 to 50% lower • It can be had for FREE (WVO = Waste Vegetable Oil) • Many restaurants pay for it to be removed • It is relatively easy to be prepared for use as a fuel • Filtered down to 5 micron or less • It is easy to handle and biodegradable • It is much less flammable than Diesel • It reduces our dependence on fossil fuels • It promotes energy independence • Our fuel can be grown • About 300 million gallons of WVO are produced annually in the US • This is enough to power ~750,000 cars • Vegetable oil has a much higher viscosity than Diesel • It needs to be heated prior to injection • Heating to 160 to 180F is adequate for complete combustion

  10. Cars and Trucks for Conversion? Best (Indirect Injection with Inline Injection Pump) • Pre-1988 Mercedes Benz Diesels (240D, 300D) • 1980’s Diesel Toyota Landcruisers • Pre-TDI Volkswagen Diesels Good (Direct Injection with Computer Controls) • TDI Volkswagen Diesels • 6.5L Chevy Trucks • 6.0L and 7.3L Ford Powerstrokes • Cummins OK (Unit Injector and Common Rail) • Mercedes CDI • VW Pumpe-Duse (Post-2004)

  11. Fuel Analysis

  12. Conversion Kit Basics • Most kits use similar approaches to heating oil • 2-tank system • Secondary tank for veggie is heated via coolant • Fuel is heated from secondary tank to engine bay (HIH or HOH) • Fuel filter • Coolant heated or • Electrically heated • Switches for fuel and return • Electrically operated switches • Default (no power) is diesel • Return • Looped veggie return or • Two returns – one for diesel and one for veggie

  13. Kit Analysis

  14. Conversion Kit Comparison • Roadfry.com • 2-Tank systems (recycled tanks or new tanks) – Aluminum or Plastic • Secondary tank for veggie is heated via coolant • In-tank hardware or external hardware depending on installation type • Coolant heated fuel filter • Hose-in-hose design • Looped return • Optional high efficiency heat exchangers and glow plug heaters • Prices for cars from $650 • Greasecar • 2-Tank system with Aluminum tank • In-tank hardware • Prices for cars from $800 • Frybrid • 2-Tank system with Aluminum tank • External hardware all welded • Diesel and Veggie return • Hose-in-hose design • Prices for cars from $1,595 • Golden Systems (Greasel) • 2-Tank system with Plastic tank • Hose-on-Hose Design • Prices for cars from $1,200

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