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Grammar

Grammar. Patterns I, J, K. Pattern I: Gerund Phrase V. V = verb: action verb or linking verb Gerund Phrase = Verb form that ends in “- ing .” -Gerunds are actually nouns. Pattern I: Gerund Phrase V. Step 1: Cross out any prepositional phrases. Step 2: Find the verbs.

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Grammar

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  1. Grammar Patterns I, J, K

  2. Pattern I: Gerund Phrase V • V = verb: action verb or linking verb • Gerund Phrase= Verb form that ends in “-ing.” -Gerunds are actually nouns.

  3. Pattern I: Gerund Phrase V Step 1: Cross out any prepositional phrases. Step 2: Find the verbs. -Underline the complete verb twice in each part Step 3: Ask “who or what is (insert verb)?” -Does the “who or what” end in “-ing”? -Underline the subject once in each part -You have a gerund phrase if your subject looks like a verb and ends in “-ing” Step 4: If you have a gerund phrase followed by a V, then you have Pattern I.

  4. Pattern I Example Leaving early today from class would be a mistake. Step 1: Cross out prepositional phrases. FROM CLASS (FROM= preposition) Step 2: Find the action. WOULD BE(verb) -Underline the verb twice. Step 3: Who or what “would be” ? LEAVING(subject) -The subject is an “-ing” word, so you have a gerund -Underline the subject once. Step 4: Is an “-ing” (gerund) phrase followed by a verb? YES PATTERN I

  5. Pattern J: Infinitive phrase V • V = verb: action verb or linking verb • Infinitive Phrase= Verb form that begins with “to” and is followed by a verb with no additional endings -Infinitives are actually nouns, adjectives, or adverbs

  6. Pattern J: Infinitive Phrase V Step 1: Cross out any prepositional phrases. Step 2: Find the verbs. -Underline the complete verb twice in each part Step 3: Ask “who or what is (insert verb)?” -Does the “who or what” start with “to” and is followed by a verb with no additional endings? -Underline the subject once in each part -You have an infinitive phrase if your subject begins with “to” followed by a verb Step 4: If you have an infinitive phrase followed by a V, then you have Pattern J.

  7. Pattern J Example To give money to charity provides many with satisfaction. Step 1: Cross out prepositional phrases. TO CHARITY/WITH SATISFACTION(TO/WITH= preposition) Step 2: Find the action. PROVIDES(verb) -Underline the verb twice. Step 3: Who or what “provides” ? TO GIVE(subject) -The subject is “to” followed by a verb with no additional endings, so you have an infinitive -Underline the subject once. Step 4: Is “to” + verb (infinitive) phrase followed by a verb? YES PATTERN J

  8. Pattern K: Infinitive phrase, SV • V = verb: action verb or linking verb • Infinitive Phrase= Verb form that begins with “to” and is followed by a verb with no additional endings -Infinitives are actually nouns, adjectives, or adverbs -Pattern K does NOT use the infinitive as the subject

  9. Pattern K Example To show another example, the teacher turned on the projector. Step 1: Cross out prepositional phrases. ON THE PROJECTOR(ON= preposition) Step 2: Find the action. TURNED(verb) -Underline the verb twice. Step 3: Who or what “turned” ? TEACHER(subject) -Underline the subject once. Step 4: “To” + Verb begins the sentence. The phrase is followed by a comma. This is an infinitive phrase. Step 5: “To” + verb (infinitive) phrase followed by a subject and verb, so place a comma after the introductory infinitive phrase. PATTERN K

  10. Practice • Copy the following sentences. Cross out the prepositional phrases, label the S, V, and gerunds and infinitives as appropriate. • Write the pattern after each sentence. • To see the ocean at night is very calming. • Running for 30 minutes daily makes most people feel fit. • To look at it another way, you have a great future ahead of you.

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