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DESERT SURVIVAL

21 st Cabin Safety Symposium. DESERT SURVIVAL. MOHAMMED GARI & ABDULHAFEEZ BOKHARI CABIN SAFETY SPECIALISTS SAUDI ARABIAN AIRLINES. 1. 2. DESERT REGIONS. Desert Regions are characterized by:. Lack of water Temperature extremes. (hot or colds) Dust storms. 3. DESERT REGION.

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DESERT SURVIVAL

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  1. 21st Cabin Safety Symposium DESERT SURVIVAL MOHAMMED GARI & ABDULHAFEEZ BOKHARI CABIN SAFETY SPECIALISTS SAUDI ARABIAN AIRLINES 1

  2. 2

  3. DESERT REGIONS Desert Regions are characterized by: • Lack of water • Temperature extremes. (hot or colds) • Dust storms 3

  4. DESERT REGION a) Lack of water In the desert there is very little water available. The aim therefore, is to minimize heat absorption and loss of water from the body. 4

  5. DESERT REGION b) Temperature extremes Temperatures are high during the day, but at night they fall rapidly. Exposure to sun, wind and heat increases the body temperature and as the body temperature rises, the body starts sweating to cool itself. Sweating reduces the level of water in the body. When sweating take place, it is important to drink as much water as possible to avoid dehydration. 5

  6. DESERT REGION c) Dust Storms Wind in the desert can reach hurricane force, throwing up dense clouds of dust and sand. This makes breathing difficult and can affect the eyes adversely. 6

  7. Desert Region For Protection in the Desert: • Do not waste water, drink when thirsty. • Keep head and back of the neck covered. • Get into shade ASAP to reduce sweating and loss of body water. • Travel, work only at night and rest during the day. • Protect eyes, nose and mouth when necessary. 7

  8. Hot Weather Survival • RADIATION - form the rays of the sun. • CONDUCTION – from contact with hot surface, ground etc. • CONVECTION – from the hot wind. 8

  9. STEPS TO MINIMIZE SWEATING SHADE Stay out of the sun during the day. Get under the shade of wing, or use a canopy or other suitable material to give protection from the direct rays of the sun. keep the canopy open to allow air to circulate. 9

  10. STEPS TO MINIMIZE SWEATING PLATFORM Build a platform by using slide/rafts, seat cushions, blankets, pillows, etc. the purpose of platform is to create a barrier between the body and the hot ground. Sit on the platform rather than lie down as heat transfer into the body will be less with a raised platform. 10

  11. STEPS TO MINIMIZE SWEATING CLOTHING Keep at least on layer of clothing on; to protect against heat, wind and sunburn. If available, use a clothing made of natural fibers, such as cotton, silk, etc. use a cloth to cover the head and back of the neck. 11

  12. STEPS TO MINIMIZE SWEATING ACTIVITY Physical activity produces sweating. Limit your activity during the day. If you must move about in the heat, move slowly. Non-essential activity should be done in the early morning, late evening or night hours which are cooler. 12

  13. STEPS TO MINIMIZE SWEATING WATER Try to carry as much drinking liquids from the aircraft as possible. Do not ration water. Drink often and as much as your thirst dictates to remain mentally alert. This is especially important for crew members. 13

  14. STEPS TO MINIMIZE SWEATING TRAVEL Unless habitation is close by, it is better to stay near the aircraft and wait for rescue. Distances in the desert can be deceptive. Habitation that appears close by may actually be too far away to reach. 14

  15. STEPS TO MINIMIZE SWEATING SUNGLASSES Wear sun glasses during the day. If sunglasses are not available, use an eye shade of cloth with slits to protect from sun glare. 15

  16. HEALTH PROBLEMS HEAT RELATED ILLNESSES COLD RELATED ILLNESSES 16

  17. HEAT RELATED ILLNESSES Uncontrolled sweating without replacement of water can lead to health problem. If left untreated, one problem may progress into another. Minor heat cramps can develop into heat exhaustion and finally heat stroke. Any heat-related illness if recognized in it’s early stage can usually be reversed. 17

  18. HEAT RELATED ILLNESSES HEAT CRAMPS Symptoms: • Muscle cramps, often in the abdomen or leg. • Heavy perspiration. • Lightheadedness; weakness. Treatment: • Have the victim rest on his/her back in cool shaded area with his/her feet elevated 8-12inc. • Cool victim by fanning and applying cool, wet clothes. • Give cool water to drink. • Lightly stretch the muscle. 18

  19. HEAT RELATED ILLNESSES HEAT EXHAUSTION Symptoms: • Cool, moist skin, pale or red (even if the victim’s internal temperature is rising, his/her skin may still be cool.) • Dilated pupils. (larger than normal) • Headaches. • Extreme thirst. • Nausea, vomiting. • Irrational behavior. • Weakness, dizziness. • Unconsciousness. 19

  20. HEAT RELATED ILLNESSES HEAT EXHAUSTION Treatment: • Have the victim rest on his back in cool shaded area with his/her feet elevated 8-12inc. • Cool victim by fanning and applying cool, wet clothes. • If the victim conscious give half a glass of water to drink every 15 minutes. • Monitor the victim for signs of shock including bluish lips and fingernails. • If the victim start having seizures protect him from injury. • If the victim loses consciousness. Give first aid. 20

  21. HEAT RELATED ILLNESSES HEAT STROKE Symptoms: • Raised body temperature. • Dry, hot, red skin. • Dark urine. • Small eye pupils. • Rapid, weak pulse. • Rapid, shallow breathing. • Extreme confusion. • Weakness. • Seizures. • Unconsciousness. 21

  22. HEAT RELATED ILLNESSES HEAT STROKE Treatment: • Have the victim rest on his back in cool shaded area with his/her feet elevated 8-12inc. • Cool the victim by fanning and applying cool wet cloths. • If the victim starts having seizures, protect him/her form injury. • If the victim loses consciousness, give first aid for unconsciousness. 22

  23. COLD WEATHER SURVIVAL Exposure to an extremely cold weather can be life threatening. It is, therefore, important to keep warm, dry and sheltered form natural elements such as wind, rain and cold. There fore, taking measures for survival in cold weather is very important. 23

  24. COLD WEATHER SURVIVAL SHELTER Do not shelter inside the aircraft it will be too cold. Parts of the fuselage can be utilized to make a better insulated shelter. Slide/ rafts can be used with canopies erected to provide protection from the wind and rain. Seat cushion Can be utilize to provide additional insulation and protection. 24

  25. COLD WEATHER SURVIVAL PLATFORM Do not sit or sleep directly on the ground. Use slide/rafts, seat cushions, etc. as platforms. 25

  26. COLD WEATHER SURVIVAL CLOTHING Body heat and layers of clothing will keep you warm, to avoid sweating. Wear loose clothing, as tight fitting clothes cut off circulation, increasing the danger of freezing. Cover ears, neck, head, hands and feet. 26

  27. COLD RELATED ILLNESSES • FROSTBITE • HYPOTHERMIA 27

  28. FROSTBITE This is the freezing of body parts that have exposed to the cold. Severity depends on the air temperature, length of exposure and the wind. It can cause the loss of fingers, hands arms toes, feet and legs 28

  29. FROSTBITE Symptoms: • Mild frostbite: • Skin is red and painful • Or white and numb. • Severe frostbite: • blister; gangrene. • Hard, frozen skin 29

  30. FROSTBITE Treatment: • Move the victim to warmer place. • Remove any constricting clothes or jewelry. • Remove any wet clothing and replace with dry if available. Handle the area gently. Do not break any blisters. Never message or rub the frostbitten area. • Re-warm the frostbitten area for at least 30 minutes. 30

  31. FROSTBITE Treatment: • Apply dry, sterile dressings to the frostbitten parts, put dressing between frostbitten fingers. • Move thawed areas as little as possible. • Prevent refreezing by wrapping the re-warmed areas. • Stay with the victim until medical help arrive. 31

  32. HYPOTHERMIA Hypothermia develops when the entire body cools because its ability to keep warm fails. This can result from prolonged exposure to cold, windy weather and rain as well as immersion in cold water. Air temperature does not have to be below freezing to develop this cold-related illness. The victim will die if not given care. 32

  33. HYPOTHERMIA Symptoms: • MILD HYPOTHERMIA • Shivering. • Urge to urinate. • Loss of coordination. • Confusion. • Area of the body that are usually warm are cold. 33

  34. HYPOTHERMIA • Weakness. • Confusion. • Slurred speech. • Difficulty seeing. • Uncooperative or irrational behavior. • SEVERE HYPOTHERMIA • Victim no longer shivering. • Stumbling. • Muscle stiffness. • Desire to be left alone. • Irregular. • Slow heart beat. • Drowsiness. • Sign and symptoms can progress to rigid muscles, unconsciousness, coma and cardiac arrest 34

  35. HYPOTHERMIA Treatment: • Start by caring for any life threatening problems. • Handle the victim gently. • Prevent the victim from becoming any colder. • Re-warm the victim, cover the head and neck. • If victim is alert and can easily swallow, give warm, sweetened fluids to aid in re-warming process. • Stay with the victim until medical help arrive. 35

  36. Thank you

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