American Federal Government

1. POLS 1113American Federal Government Chapter 12: Campaigns, Voting, and Elections

2. Answer: D Page Ref: 426Answer: D Page Ref: 426

3. A candidate selection process in which only a party�s registered voters are eligible to participate is called� a. a blanket election. d. a beauty contest primary. b. an open primary. e. all of the above. c. closed primary. Answer: C Page Ref: 426Answer: C Page Ref: 426

4. The method most conducive to party control of the candidate selection process is/are __, but they are also considered to be more corrupt than current methods of candidate selection. a. caucuses d. blind selection b. straw polls e. all of the above c. office rotation Answer: A Page Ref: Cuz the professor says so!Answer: A Page Ref: Cuz the professor says so!

5. The process that allows citizens to propose legislation and submit it to the electorate for popular vote is called� a. proposition. d. referendum. b. initiative. e. plebiscite. c. recall. Answer: B Page Ref: 428Answer: B Page Ref: 428

6. A procedure by which the state legislature submits proposed legislation to the voters is called a� a. plebiscite. d. proposition. b. recall. e. referendum. c. initiative. Answer: E Page Ref: 428Answer: E Page Ref: 428

7. In some states, an incumbent office holder can be removed from office by the people in a process called� a. recall. d. retrospective voting. b. recantation. e. all of the above. c. retroaction impeachment. Answer: A Page Ref: 428Answer: A Page Ref: 428

8. A recent illustration of recall occurred in California, where the recall of __ led to the election of Arnold Schwarzenegger to the governorship. a. Gary Willis d. Grey Davis b. Cruz Bustamonte e. Diane Feinstein c. Pete Wilson Answer: D Page Ref: Instructor�s notesAnswer: D Page Ref: Instructor�s notes

9. Contemporary presidential nomination campaigns are characterized by a phenomenon called __, in which states face strong incentives to schedule primaries as early as possible, lending an advantage to well-funded frontrunners. a. bandwagoning d. blitzkrieg b. blanketing e. frontloading c. condensing Answer: E Page Ref: 430Answer: E Page Ref: 430

10. The year or so prior to the start of the official nomination season when candidates begin raising funds and unofficially campaigning is described as� a. Eating pork rinds in Iowa. b. Antiquing in New Hampshire. c. runoff campaigning d. jumping the gun. e. the invisible primary Answer: E Page Ref: 430Answer: E Page Ref: 430

11. A system in which party members meet in small conventions � sometimes as small as a living room � to elect delegates to a national convention is called a __, the most prominent of which occurs in Iowa early in the nomination process. a. caucus d. retail politics b. initiative e. all of the above. c. front-loading Answer: A Page Ref: 430 Ex: To some extent, both A and D are correct, because caucuses are often described by candidates as �retail politics.� However, the text indicates that the formal description of such a candidate selection method is the caucus.Answer: A Page Ref: 430 Ex: To some extent, both A and D are correct, because caucuses are often described by candidates as �retail politics.� However, the text indicates that the formal description of such a candidate selection method is the caucus.

12. Are delegates to the national conventions representative of the population as a whole? Delegates to both of the national party conventions are� a. demographically representative of the population in terms of race, class, and gender. b. ideologically more pure and richer than most Americans. c. generally representative of average Americans. d. younger than the average American. e. not even from this planet! Answer: B Page Ref: 430Answer: B Page Ref: 430

13. A professional who produces a candidate�s television, radio, and print advertisements is called a(n)� a. canvasser. d. architect. b. producer. e. media designer. c. consultant. Answer: C Page Ref: 434Answer: C Page Ref: 434

14. The head of a political campaign is usually called the� a. campaign manager. d. political �brains.� b. campaign consultant. e. any of the above. c. political �midwife.� Answer: A Page Ref: 434Answer: A Page Ref: 434

15. Private-sector professionals and firms who sell to candidates the technologies, services, and strategies required to get their candidate elected are called __, and their numbers have grown exponentially since they first appeared in the 1930�s. a. consigliore d. hired guns b. manager e. trained attack dogs c. consultant Answer: D Page Ref: 435Answer: D Page Ref: 435

16. Among the more important of trained staff on the average campaign are the __, who track public opinion to determine what issues the voters want him/her to address in their speeches. a. advertisers d. direct mailers b. pollsters e. focus group managers c. consultants Answer: B Page Ref: 434Answer: B Page Ref: 434

17. Television advertising on behalf of a candidate that is broadcast in sixty-, thirty-, or ten-second duration is called a� a. quick hitter. d. spot ad. b. contrast ad. e. positive ad. c. negative ad. Answer: D Page Ref: 435Answer: D Page Ref: 435

18. Ads that stress the candidate�s qualifications, family, and issue positions with no reference to the opponent are generally described as __ ads. a. positive d. express advocacy b. negative e. puff-piece c. fluff Answer: A Page Ref: 435 Note: campaigns may employ options c and e as colloquialisms of such ads, but the correct answer is a.Answer: A Page Ref: 435 Note: campaigns may employ options c and e as colloquialisms of such ads, but the correct answer is a.

19. The idea of counteracting an anticipated attack by one�s opponent before the attack is even launched is called a(n) __ ad. a. preemptive d. inoculation b. first strike e. double-negative c. anticipatory self- deprecation Answer: D Page Ref: 436Answer: D Page Ref: 436

20. Negative campaign ads can be traced back to__, when Federalist opponents branded Thomas Jefferson an atheist, coward and started a whispering campaign hinting that he was guilty of miscegenation. a. 1787 d. 1860 b. 1796 e. 1874 c. 1828 Answer: B Page Ref: 436Answer: B Page Ref: 436

21. The Electoral College was a compromise designed to� a. insure the election of a popular president. b. produce a nonpartisan president. c. accommodate the growing influence of political parties. d. insure the election of demagogues. e. all of the above. Answer: B Page Ref: 438Answer: B Page Ref: 438

22. In the event that a single candidate fails to secure a majority of Electoral College votes, the Constitution mandates that the __ decides the winner. a. House of Representatives b. Senate c. entire Congress d. two leading candidates engage in a trial by combat, and the death of the weaker candidate e. Supreme Court Answer: A Page Ref: 439Answer: A Page Ref: 439

23. All of the following constitutional amendments relate to presidential selection or the Electoral College EXCEPT the __ Amendment. a.12th d. 25th b. 13th e. all of the above c. 22nd Answer: B Page Ref: 440Answer: B Page Ref: 440

24. The election of __ resulted in no clear Electoral College winner, with votes split between Thomas Jefferson, Aaron Burr, and John Adams, and resulted in the 12th Amendment�s granting of two votes to Electoral College electors, one for president and one for vice president. a. 1800 d. 1860 b. 1804 e. 1874 c. 1828 Answer: B Page Ref: 440Answer: B Page Ref: 440

25. In __ another contested election took place in which the candidate with the most popular and Electoral College votes, Andrew Jackson, was defeated for the presidency in the House of Representatives by John Quincy Adams. a. 1808 d. 1836 b. 1824 e. 1876 c. 1832 Answer: B Page Ref: 440Answer: B Page Ref: 440

26. Another contested election took place in __, where the Republican Rutherford Hayes was declared the victor over the Democratic candidate Samuel Tilden. a. 1848 d. 1932 b. 1868 e. 1948 c. 1876 Answer: C Page Ref: 440Answer: C Page Ref: 440

27. Among those candidates who received more popular votes but nonetheless lost the presidency include all of the following EXCEPT� a. Andrew Jackson d. Al Gore, Jr. b. Grover Cleveland e. George W. Bush c. Samuel Tilden Answer: E Page Ref: Trivia � you only know it cuz I say so!!!!!! ? Answer: E Page Ref: Trivia � you only know it cuz I say so!!!!!! ?

28. A shifting of party coalitions from one party to the next that remains in place for several electoral cycles are called� a. dealignments. d. geodesic shifts. b. tectonic shifts. e. secular shifts. c. realignments. Answer: C Page Ref: 442Answer: C Page Ref: 442

29. An election that signals a lasting change in the makeup of partisan coalitions in the electorate are called __ elections. a. crucial d. panic-inducing b. significant e. crucial c. critical Answer: C Page Ref: 442Answer: C Page Ref: 442

30. Congressional elections differ from presidential elections because� a. media focus much more attention on congressional races. b. so many congressional candidates are celebrities. c. incumbency is a relatively minor factor in congressional races. d. ballot-stuffing is illegal. e. most candidates for Congress are not particularly well-known. Answer: E Page Ref: 444Answer: E Page Ref: 444

31. The reelection rate for sitting House members is generally __ percent. a. less than 50 d. less than 86 b. slightly more than 50 e. more than 95 c. between 65-75 Answer: E Page Ref: 444Answer: E Page Ref: 444

32. On those rare instances where congressional incumbents lose an election, the explanation is often� a. redistricting. b. scandal. c. coattails on the part of a state-wide candidate. d. rapid secular realignment of the district. e. all of the above. Answer: E Page Ref: 445 and professor�s notes � esp. with regard to �D,� such rapid changes in the demographic composition of a voting district can happen in dynamic states like California and Florida, where huge movements of voters can often turn a majority-Caucasian district into a majority Hispanic district almost overnight.Answer: E Page Ref: 445 and professor�s notes � esp. with regard to �D,� such rapid changes in the demographic composition of a voting district can happen in dynamic states like California and Florida, where huge movements of voters can often turn a majority-Caucasian district into a majority Hispanic district almost overnight.

33. When an incumbent does lose an election, the best explanation is often� a. media overexposure. d. lack of access to b. lack of name recognition. adequate funding. c. redistricting. e. all of the above. Answer: C Page Ref: 445Answer: C Page Ref: 445

34. About __ percent of eligible Americans vote regularly. a. 22 d. 55 b. 33 e. 65 c. 40 Answer: C Page Ref: 447Answer: C Page Ref: 447

35. Approximately __ percent of eligible voters rarely or never vote. a. 16 d. 48 b. 27 e. 63 c. 35 Answer: C Page Ref: 447Answer: C Page Ref: 447

36. Under the provisions of the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002, individuals are limited to a total of __ in allowable contributions per two-year cycle. a. $5,000 d. $50,000 b. $15,000 e. $95,000 c. $25,000 Answer: E Page Ref: 448Answer: E Page Ref: 448

37. Under the provisions of the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 Act of 2002, individuals are allowed to contribute __ to candidates for Congress or the presidency in the primary, and the same amount for the general election campaign. a. $500 d. $7,500 b. $1,000 e. $10,000 c. $5,000 Answer: B Page Ref: 448Answer: B Page Ref: 448

38. Under the provisions of the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002, political action committees may contribute __ to candidates for Congress or the presidency in the primary, and the same amount for the general election campaign. a. $500 d. $7,500 b. $1,000 e. $10,000 c. $5,000 Answer: C Page Ref: 448Answer: C Page Ref: 448

39. Under the provisions of the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002, political party committees may contribute $5,000 to candidates for Congress in the primaries, but can contribute __ to candidates during the general election campaign. a. $1,000 d. $8,000 b. $1,500 e. $10,000 c. $7,500 Answer: E Page Ref: 448Answer: E Page Ref: 448

40. Candidates for the Senate receive most of their funding from� a. personal funding. d. political action b. individual contributors. committees. c. interest groups. e. Bill Gates. Answer: D Page Ref: 449Answer: D Page Ref: 449

41. A(n) __ is an officially recognized fund-raising organization that represents particular interest groups in the campaign process. political action d. federal campaign committee committee b. political interest e. campaign fund-raising group organizations c. interest group campaign committee Answer: A Page Ref: 450Answer: A Page Ref: 450

42. Voter turnout for the 2004 presidential election reached around __ percent. a. 48 d. 65 b. 52 e. 73 c. 58 Answer: C Page Ref: 452Answer: C Page Ref: 452

43. Most candidates receive a majority of their campaign contributions from� political action d. themselves. committees. e. a combination of PACs b. individuals. and political parties. c. one of the major political parties. Answer: B Page Ref: 452Answer: B Page Ref: 452

44. In 2001 alone, about __ billion was spent on presidential and congressional elections. a. $4.1 d. $1.7 b. $3.5 e. $1.2 c. $2.4 Answer: D Page Ref: 452Answer: D Page Ref: 452

45. In the Supreme Court case __, the Court ruled that no limits could be placed on a candidate�s expenditures of their own funds because such spending in considered speech. a. Rockerfeller v. U.S. d. NYTimes v. Sullivan b. Perot v. Reno e. Nixon v. U.S. c. Buckley v. Valeo Answer: C Page Ref: 452Answer: C Page Ref: 452

46. In order to eligible for public matching funds for one�s presidential campaign, a candidate must raise $5,000 in small contributions ($250 or less) in each of __ states. a. 10 d. 35 b. 15 e. all 50 c. 20 Answer: C Page Ref: 453Answer: C Page Ref: 453

47. The virtually unregulated money funneled to state and local parties for �party building activities� that often result in campaign advertisements is called __ money. a. soft d. �housekeeping� b. hard e. �widows and orphans� c. funny Answer: A Page Ref: 454Answer: A Page Ref: 454

48. In general, voter turnout is higher among those who are� less educated with d. minorities. moderate incomes. e. poor. b. older and wealthier. c. female. Answer: B Page Ref: 457Answer: B Page Ref: 457

49. Among the Hispanic population, the group most likely to support the Republican Party�s candidates are� a. Puerto Ricans. d. Central Americans b. Mexican-Americans. e. Cuban Americans. c. Latino Americans. Answer: E Page Ref: 459Answer: E Page Ref: 459

50. Among the principal reasons Americans give for not voting include all of the following EXCEPT� a. too busy. d. interest in politics. b. difficulty registering. e. difficulty with absentee c. physically disabled. ballots. Answer: D Page Ref: 460Answer: D Page Ref: 460

51. True/False Universe

52. Vote counting problems in New York led to the use of digital recording devices during elections. True b. False Answer: False Page Ref: 427Answer: False Page Ref: 427

53. Recent electoral reforms have curbed the front-loading of elections because it increased incumbency advantage. a. True b. False Answer: False Page Ref: 430Answer: False Page Ref: 430

54. Caucuses are used to nominate candidates in many states because they are highly democratic in nature. a. True b. False Answer: False Page Ref: 430Answer: False Page Ref: 430

55. Republican delegates to the national conventions are considerably more conservative than the average Republican voter. a. True b. False Answer: True Page Ref: 431Answer: True Page Ref: 431

56. The United States employs a system of regional primaries to elect a president every four years. a. True b. False Answer: False Page Ref: 431Answer: False Page Ref: 431

57. Candidates rarely make a large number of personal appearances because they can reach more people via television. a. True b. False Answer: False Page Ref: 433Answer: False Page Ref: 433

58. In presidential campaigns, staff can include thousands of volunteers and hundreds of paid staff. a. True b. False Answer: True Page Ref: 434Answer: True Page Ref: 434

59. The average campaign advertisement that airs on television is 4 � minutes in duration. a. True b. False Answer: False Page Ref: 435Answer: False Page Ref: 435

60. Negative campaigning, including ads, is a relatively new phenomenon. a. True b. False Answer: False Page Ref: 436Answer: False Page Ref: 436

61. The Electoral College was designed to select a nonpartisan president. a. True b. False Answer: True Page Ref: 438Answer: True Page Ref: 438

62. Incumbents usually win reelection campaigns. a. True b. False Answer: True Page Ref: 445Answer: True Page Ref: 445

63. The presidential party usually gains seats in a presidential election year, but often loses seats in midterm elections. a. True b. False Answer: True Page Ref: 446Answer: True Page Ref: 446

64. People who vote are generally more highly educated than those that do not. a. True b. False Answer: True Page Ref: 455Answer: True Page Ref: 455

65. Less than half of eligible 18-24 year-olds are registered to vote. a. True b. False Answer: True Page Ref: 458Answer: True Page Ref: 458

66. White and African-Americans participate in elections at approximately the same rate. True b. False Answer: False Page Ref: 458Answer: False Page Ref: 458

67. Whites and African-Americans with the same income and education levels participate in elections at the same rate. a. True b. False Answer: True Page Ref: 458Answer: True Page Ref: 458

68. Political active Americans make up less than 53% of the population. a. True b. False Answer: True Page Ref: 460Answer: True Page Ref: 460

69. Americans who contribute time or money to a campaign make up roughly 12% of the population. a. True b. False Answer: False (its much less than that � probably around 5%) Page Ref: 460Answer: False (its much less than that � probably around 5%) Page Ref: 460

70. The only racial group to vote in the majority for President George W. Bush were whites. All other groups voted in the majorty for the Democratic Party�s candidate, John Kerry. a. True b. False Answer: True Page Ref: 463Answer: True Page Ref: 463