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No-till transplanting processing tomatoes into cotton residue Five Points, CA 2003

No-till transplanting processing tomatoes into cotton residue Five Points, CA 2003. Rye / triticale / vetch cover crop in CTCC system Five Points, CA 2000. Surface residue in CTCC system Five Points, CA 2003. Comparison of Standard and Conservation Tillage

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No-till transplanting processing tomatoes into cotton residue Five Points, CA 2003

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  1. No-till transplanting processing tomatoes into cotton residue Five Points, CA 2003

  2. Rye / triticale / vetch cover crop in CTCC system Five Points, CA 2000 Surface residue in CTCC system Five Points, CA 2003

  3. Comparison of Standard and Conservation Tillage Costs and Resource Use - Cotton 2001 Standard Tillage* Conservation Tillage** Operation No cover Cover No cover Cover XX X X X X XX X XX X XX XXX X X X 20 Disc Chisel List Beds Clean Furrows Compact Furrows Spray Treflan Lilliston Chain Beds Plant Cover Crop Mow Cover Crop Spray Roundup Plant Cotton Fertilize*** Cultivate Spray Grnd-Insctcds/Grwth Reg Spray Grnd-Custom: Defoliants Spray Air-Custom:Insecticides Harvest Times over field XXX X XX XX X X X X XX XXX X X X 20 XX X XXX X X X 9 X X XX X XXX X X X 11 *30” rows **60” rows ***Applied with irrigation water

  4. Tomato yields 2000 – 2004(tons/acre)2000 2001 2002 2003 2004STNO 58 + 158 + 1 46 + 3 42 + 2 46 + 4STCC53 + 1 63 + 2 45 + 3 45 + 3 42 + 5CTNO56 + 162 + 256 + 154 + 4 52 + 3CTCC51 + 1 61 + 1 43 + 2 52 + 3 48 + 3

  5. Cotton yields 2000 – 2005(lbs lint/acre)2000 2001 2002 2003 20042005STNO 360 a17831930 a1228 ab 2217a 1528STCC 360 a 1405 1921 a 1336 a 1990 ab 1595CTNO 200 a 1579 1736 b 1058 b 1816 bc 1498CTCC 372 a 1454 1252 c 1157 ab 1486 c 1528

  6. Total Carbon 20000 0-15 cm 15000 10000 After 4 years: Total C change in kg C/ha-30cm CTCC — + 4995 STCC — + 4502 CTNO — - 2084 STNO — - 1112 5000 0 20000 15-30 cm 15000 10000 5000 0 1999 CTCC STCC CTNO STNO 2003 Treatment

  7. Dust Production by Treatment and Operation (µg/L) STNO STCC CTNO CTCC Treatment Size Fraction Land Preparation Disc Chisel List Beds Ringroll Beds Power Incorporate Plant Cover Crop Mow/Chop Cvr Crop Compact Furrow Subtotal In Season Operations Spray Lilliston Cultivate Tomato Cultivate Cotton Subtotal Total 98 20 12 44 127 300 12 92 34 316 455 Resp. 14 1 3 7 20 44 3 4 2 8 17 Total 81 11 11 39 93 4 22 9 270 28 222 250 Total 10 1 2 24 7 trace* 9 6 58 2 10 12 Total 5 75 80 Total 2 4 6 Total 21 61 82 2 75 77 Total 4 6 9 1 7 8 *There were detectable dust measurements for these operations, but they rounded to 0 with this number of significant figures.

  8. Dust Production by Treatment and Operation (µg/L) (continued) STNO STCC CTNO CTCC Planting / Harvest Plant Cotton Transplant Tomato Clean Furrow Shred-Bed Mow Undercut Harvest Cotton Subtotal Cumulative Dust Production 1 2 38 29 11 81 837 trace* trace* 6 3 2 11 72 5 9 51 27 11 103 623 1 1 6 2 2 12 82 4 17 12 8 40 120 1 2 4 2 8 14 14 17 37 22 13 103 262 1 2 5 8 3 19 36 *There were detectable dust measurements for these operations, but they rounded to 0 with this number of significant figures.

  9. Greenhouse gas budget: Five Points • Reduced tillage can cut fuel-CO2 emissions by half • Integration of reduced tillage with cover cropping! Six et al., 2005

  10. Standard tillage land preparation following alfalfa or winter forage consisting of disking cross checks prior to broadcast disking entire field

  11. No-till planting corn into wheat forage residue Turlock, CA 2005

  12. Sampling agricultural dust emissions Dairy corn production field, Tipton, CA 2004

  13. Harvesting winter forage wheat, strip-tilling and planting corn, Tipton, CA, May 2005

  14. Barcellos Farms, Tipton, CA • CT emissions reduced 93% • CT emissions reduced 88%

  15. Mike Nutcher Western Stanislaus County 350 acres of forage 1200 cows

  16. Unverferth “Ripper Stripper” 6 row 30 inch strip till implement

  17. Conventional 6 row corn planter following strip till operation

  18. Comparison of Costs Strip Tillage to Conventional Tillage • Strip tillage A) strip till pass $15.00 per acre B) planting pass $15.00 per acre • Conventional tillage A) discing pass$10.00 per acre B) ripping pass $18.00 per acre C) discing pass $10.00 per acre D) pre-irrigation $8.00-$15.00 per acre E) finish tool pass$12.00 per acre F) planting pass$15.00 per acre

  19. Cover crop was sprayed or sprayed and chopped Strip-tilling ahead of planting Ridge-till planting Conservation Tillage planting and postharvest stalk management study Borba Farms, Riverdale, CA 2001 - 2003

  20. System 1 System 2 System 3 System 4 System 5 System 6 System 7 No-till chopped cover No-till no chop Ridge-till cover chopped Ridge-till no-chop Cover chopped Strip-till no-chop Standard till Spray glyphosate herbicide to kill cover crop Spray glyphosate herbicide to kill cover crop Spray glyphosate herbicide to kill cover crop Spray glyphosate herbicide to kill cover crop Spray glyphosate herbicide to kill cover crop Spray glyphosate herbicide to kill cover crop Spray glyphosate herbicide to kill cover crop Chop cover crop Chop cover crop Chop cover crop Chop cover crop Strip-till seed bed No-till plant cotton with JD 1430 planter Ridge-till plant cotton with Buffalo 8000 planter Disk Plant cotton No-till plant cotton with JD 1430 planter Ridge-till plant cotton with Buffalo 8000 planter Strip-till seed bed Apply glyphosate over the top Disk Apply glyphosate over the top Apply glyphosate over the top Plant cotton Chisel Apply glyphosate over the top Apply glyphosate over the top Apply glyphosate over the top Cultivate Cultivate Disk Cultivate Harvest cotton List beds Harvest cotton Cultivate Harvest cotton Shred stalks Cultivate Cultivate Shred stalks Plant cotton Harvest cotton Shred stalks Root pull stalks and/or Terratill subsoiler with rotaty harrows to relist beds Harvest cotton Harvest cotton Ring roll Shred stalks Root pull stalks and/or Terratill subsoiler with rotaty harrows to relist beds Root pull stalks and/or Terratill subsoiler with rotaty harrows to relist beds Shred stalks Shred stalks Apply glyphosate over the top Root pull stalks and/or Terratill subsoiler with rotaty harrows to relist beds Root pull stalks and/or Terratill subsoiler with rotaty harrows to relist beds Root pull stalks and/or Terratill subsoiler with rotaty harrows to relist beds Cultivate Harvest cotton Shred stalks Disk Preplant and postharvest operations used in tillage systems evaluation at Borba Farms, Riverdale, CA, 2001 - 2003 Disk Subsoil / relist beds

  21. Pounds of cotton lint / acre for cotton tillage systems evaluation at Borba Farms, Riverdale, CA, 2001 - 2003 2001 2002 2003 1183 abc 1081 bc 1292 ab 1229 abc 993 c 1352 a 1262 ab 1258 a 1215 a 709 b 809 b 1311 a 1278 a 1223 a 1156 ns 1283 ns 1291 ns 1258 ns 1303 ns 1365 ns 1340 ns Standard tillage No-till chopped cover crop No-till sprayed cover crop Ridge-till chopped cover crop Ridge-till sprayed cover crop Strip-till chopped cover crop Strip-till sprayed cover crop

  22. Comparison of cover crop and tillage system tractor operations, estimated fuel use and production costs per acre Times over field Gallons of fuel Total operating costs Farming System 17 9 8 9 9 10 9 19.5 8.5 7.5 8.5 7.5 10.2 9.2 $237 $199 $195 $199 $195 $204 $200 Standard tillage No-till chopped cover crop No-till sprayed cover crop Ridge-till chopped cover crop Ridge-till sprayed cover crop Strip-till chopped cover crop Strip-till sprayed cover crop

  23. No-till planting of winter forage into alfalfa Riverdale, CA 2002

  24. No-till drilling sorghum sudan into corn forage residue Tipton, CA 2005

  25. Strip-tilling into burned down alfalfa Helm, CA 2005

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