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Pick up an Interactive Notebook packet and answer the “Processing” questions (#1-3) . Confronting the Issue of Slavery. Chapter 21 Section 2. Northwest Ordinance of 1787 Process for forming new states Unspoken agreement to keep free states and free states equal. Questions About Missouri.
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Pick up an Interactive Notebook packet and answer the “Processing” questions (#1-3)
Confronting the Issue of Slavery Chapter 21 Section 2
Northwest Ordinance of 1787 • Process for forming new states • Unspoken agreement to keep free states and free states equal
Questions About Missouri • Northerners questioned whether Missouri should be slave or free • Allowing Missouri to be entered as a slave state would open slavery to the Louisiana Territory and beyond • A northerner’s nightmare
The Tallmadge Amendment • Rep. James Tallmadge suggested that Missouri could only be entered as free • Sparked debate on states’ rights and slavery
A Deadlocked Congress • North had more representatives in the House • Equal in the Senate • Southern senators able to block anti-slave laws • Missouri would change that
A Deadlocked Congress (continued) • Tallmadge Amendment awakened strong anti-slavery feelings • Anti-Slavery petitions sent to Congress • House approved Tallmadge Amendment • Defeated in Senate
The Missouri compromise Chapter 21 Section 3
The Missouri Compromise • Congress returned to the debate in 1820 • Maine was trying to achieve statehood as a free state • Southerners threatening secession and civil war
A Compromise is Reached • Compromise crafted by Rep. Henry Clay • Admitted Missouri as slave and Maine as free • Drew a line through the Louisiana Territory • North of the line = Future free states • South of the line = Future slave states
Reactions to the Compromise • Unpopular decision • Northerners viewed it as the easy way out • Southerners disliked the ban on slavery in future western states
The Missouri Compromise Unravels Chapter 21 Section 4
The “Gag Rule” • Abolitionist movement flooded Congress with petitions • Abolitionists wanted Congress to question slavery in the District of Columbia • Congress decided to set aside all anti-slavery petitions and “gag” all debate on the issue
The “Gag Rule” (continued) • John Quincy Adams proposed that no one could be born into slavery after 1845 • Congress refused his proposal
Southern Fears • Nat Turner’s rebellion created fear in the south • Created stricter laws on transport of slaves • Reward for arresting abolitionists
Slavery in the Territories • Gag rule delayed the slavery debate for 10 years • Wilmot Proviso added to a bill requesting funds for Mexican-American War • “Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist” in the territory acquired from Mexico
Slavery in the Territories (continued) • Southerners opposed the Wilmot Proviso • Passed in the House • Rejected in Senate
Statehood for California • Southerners proposed extending the Missouri Compromise line to the Pacific • Rejected by Northerners • Applied for statehood in 1849 as a free state
Statehood for California (continued) • California would upset the balance between slave and free states • Deadlocked Congress once again • South continued threats of secession
The compromise of 1850 Chapter 21 Section 5
Something for Everyone • Henry Clay’s plan • Admitted California • Allowed N. Mexico and Utah to decide on slavery • Ended slavery in D.C.
Something for Everyone (continued) • Called for passing a strong fugitive slave act • Made it easier to find and reclaim runaway slaves
The Compromise is Accepted • Congress debated Clay’s compromise for 9 months • Accepted in 1850 after heated discussion and threats of civil war
The Compromise of 1850 Fails Chapter 21 Section 6
The Fugitive Slave Act • Southerners did not do enough to ensure the success of the act • Northerners did not want to enforce the act • Denied all rights of captured slaves
The Fugitive Slave Act (continued) • Jailed people who helped escaped slaves • Northerners ridiculed slave catchers • Almost impossible to catch slaves in the north
Uncle Tom’s Cabin • Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe • First published as short stories in an abolitionist newspaper • Published in 1852 as a full novel
The Ostend Manifesto and the Kansas-Nebraska Act • Ostend Manifesto was a message sent from three American diplomats to the Secretary of State • President Pierce was trying to purchase Cuba • The message called for the seizure of Cuba by force • Northerners believed Cuba was going to be a slave state
The Ostend Manifesto and the Kansas-Nebraska Act (continued) • Wanted to build a railroad to California • Believed the project would happen if the Great Plains was organized into states
The Ostend Manifesto and the Kansas-Nebraska Act (continued) • Kansas and Nebraska Act • Created two new territories, Kansas and Nebraska (obviously) • Abolished the Missouri Compromise and allowed citizens of a territory to vote to allow slavery
Bloodshed in Kansas • Most new settlers were peaceful farmers • Others came to support or oppose slavery • Two separate governments created
Bloodshed in Kansas (continued) • On May 21, 1856, pro-slavery activists burned hotels, looted homes, destroyed printing presses • In response, John Brown and his sons killed five slave supporters with swords
Violence in Congress • Senator Charles Sumner suspected Stephen Douglass had tried to make Kansas a slave state • Sumner described the “crimes against Kansas” as being in favor of slavery
Violence in Congress (continued) • Sumner verbally attacked Senator Butler on his pro-slavery stance • Preston Brooks, Butler’s nephew beat Sumner with a metal tipped cane on the senate floor
Violence in Congress (continued) • Took Sumner over 3 years to recover • Southerners applauded Brooks • Sent him replacement canes
The Dred Scott Decision Chapter 21 Section 7
The Dred Scott Decision • Dred Scott was a slave who traveled to Wisconsin with his master • Slavery was banned in Wisconsin • Scott claimed that his stay in Wisconsin made him free
Questions of the Case • 9 Supreme Court Justices total • 5 from the south • 4 from the north • Was Dred Scott a citizen? • Did his time in Wisconsin make him a free man?
Two Judicial Bombshells • Scott could not sue for his freedom because he was not a citizen • No African American could ever become a citizen • The Missouri compromise was unconstitutional
Two Judicial Bombshells • The Dred Scott decision opened slavery to all territories • Protected “property rights” of slave owners • Outraged Northerners
From Compromise To conflict Chapter 21 Section 8
From Compromise to Crisis • Republican Party forms with anti-slavery beliefs • Abraham Lincoln nominated to run for Senate as a Republican
The Lincoln-Douglass Debates • Stephen Douglass believed in half free, half slave • Lincoln believed slavery was a moral issue • Lincoln lost the election but turned into a national figure