2014-10-15( 수 ) 이지은

1. The Social Internet of Things(SIoT)- When social networks meet the Internet of Things: Concept, architecture and network characterization 2014-10-15(수) 이지은

2. Index • Abstract • Introduction & State of the art • Social Internet of Things • The SIOT system • The Architecture • Main SIoT Processes • Analysis of the proposed system • Sample applications

3. Abstract • Social Internet of Things (SIoT) • The convergence of the ‘‘Internet of Things’’ and the ‘‘Social Networks’’ worlds. • The idea that SIoT is possible, is gaining momentum. • The main contributions of this paper are the following: • Appropriate policies for establishment and management relationships between objects • Possible architecture • Analyze the characteristics of the SIoT network structure

4. Introduction • several schemes have been proposed that use social networks to search Internet resources, to route traffic, or to select effective policies for content distribution, e.g., [27,11,31,39,8,29]. • Several advantages • Guarantee the network navigability • Level of trustworthiness can be established • Designed models can be reused to address IoT related issues

5. State of the art • A first idea of socialization between objects has been introduced by Holmquist et al. [17]. • focus : solutions that enable smart wireless devices, mostly wireless sensors, to establish temporary relationships. Smart-Its Device Architecture [17] L.E. Holmquist, F. Mattern, B. Schiele, P. Alahutha, M. Beigl, H.Gallersen, Smart-its friends: a technique for users to easily establish connections between smart artefacts, in: Proc. of ACM UbiComp’01, September–October 2001.

6. State of the art • neologism ‘Blogject’, in [3] • “objects that blog”, objects do the blogging instead of people. • Embodied Microblogging(EM), in [32] • Challenges the current vision of IoTs. • Proposed two novel • Mediate human-to-human communication • Support additional ways for making noticeable and noticing activities in everyday life.

7. State of the art • As a logic consequence of the studies described above, recently the name Social Internet of Things began to appear in official documents and published papers.

8. A Social Internet of Things • Still lacks in some basic aspects. • In analogy with the social network of human beings we need • the definition of a notion of social relationship among objects • the design of a reference architectural model • the analysis of the social network structure

9. A Social Internet of Things • The kinds of relationships we define. • ‘‘Parental object relationship’’ (POR) • ‘‘Co-location object relationship’’ (C-LOR) • ‘‘Co-work object relationship’’ (C-WOR) • ‘‘Ownership object relationship’’ (OOR) • ‘‘Social object relationship’’ (SOR)

10. The SIoT system • Resorting the Simplethree-layer architectural model for IoT presented in [40]. • Sensing layer • Network layer • Application layer [40] L. Zheng et al., Technologies applications and governance in the Internet of things, Internet of Things – Global Technological and Societal Trends (2011).

11. The SIoT system • The architecture - SIoT Server, Gateway, Object

12. The SIoT system – SIoT Server • not encompass the sensing layer but only the Network and the Application Layers. • Application Layer : 3 Sub-layers • Base Sub-layer • database for storage, management of the data, relevant descriptors • Ontology : Necessary to provide a machine interpretable framework

13. The SIoT system – SIoT Server • Several other approaches for creating semantic service descriptions [15], • Semantic annotations for the WSDL (SAWSDL) • Unified Service Description Language (USDL) • Web Service Modeling Language(WSML) • Web Service Modeling Ontology (WSMO) • Semantic Annotations for Representational State Transfer SA-REST [37] • The Friend-of-a-Friend (FOAF ; www.foaf-project.org)

14. The SIoT system – SIoT Server • Application Layer : 3 Sub-layers • Component Sub-layer • the core functionality of the SIoT system • ID mngt, profiling, OC, RM, SD, SC, TM • Interface Sub-layer • Third-part interfaces to objects, humans, and services • Deployed in a cloud / a federated way by different sites

15. The SIoT system – Gateway, Objects • Gateway, Objects • Variation depending on the device characteristic • The three scenarios can be foreseen. • A dummy object • RFID tag, presence sensing device • A device • video camera • A smart object • smartphone

16. The SIoT system - Main SIoT Processes • Overview of the processes related to four main SIoT activities • entrance of a new object • service discovery and composition • new object relationship establishment • service provisioning

17. The SIoT system - Main SIoT Processes

18. The SIoT system - Main SIoT Processes • Object Owner carry out the relevant activities and communicate with server. • ID Scheme : IPv6, Universal Product Code(UPC), Electronic Product Code(EPC), Ubiquitous Code(UCode), OpenID, URI • profiling : ID + capabilities and history of objects

19. The SIoT system - Main SIoT Processes • Given the heterogeneity of the IoT nodes, SIoT members are organized in classes.

20. The SIoT system - Main SIoT Processes • After profiling, completes the process by looking for friends in the SIoT Server. • Establishes the main relationships. • Parental object, ownership ownership object

21. The SIoT system - Main SIoT Processes • triggered by the application running either on the SIoT servers or in close relationship with the agent(in the gateway or object).

22. The SIoT system - Main SIoT Processes • two objects become aware that they are neighbors for a period of time long enough to trigger friendship. • consists in delivering the service previously discovered and composed with the requesting service.

23. Analysis of the proposed SIoT system • Advantages • easy integration of the existing and widespread standards for short distance communication technologies. • we have defined a separate module devoted to this functionality to foster interoperability with external systems. • reference [24] : the issue of handling queries that contain a semantic information through a kind of declarative language. • This fosters an open ecosystem of digitally augmented objects on top of which applications can be created.

24. Analysis of the proposed SIoT system • Potential weaknesses • This solution is implemented only into the server, without a collaboration of the gateway and the objects. • Requiring of a continuous communication with the servers • The service discovery and the relationship management modules are separated. • The amount of interaction between the service discovery and the relationship management modules is limited.

25. Sketch of the Sample applications

26. Sketch of the Sample applications • find a mate that has already addressed the same configuration issues and fix the problems.(Apple’s Bonjour) • gather information in advance about traffic congestion along possible routes and to choose the best path. • Each flat is equipped with controllers and sensors able to manage and measure energy consumption and production(photovoltaic and solar cells) during the whole day.