Ch 5 - Organic Analysis

1. Ch 5 - Organic Analysis Elements and compounds. Solids, liquids, and gases. Phase Organic vs inorganic compounds. Qualitative vs quantitative analysis. Chromatography. Retention time.

2. Thin-layer vs gas chromatography. Rf value. Electrophoresis.

3. Matter: all things of substance. Matter is composed of atoms or molecules. Element: a fundamental particle of matter. An element cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means. Periodic table: chart of elements arranged in a systematic fashion. Vertical rows are called groups or families; horizontal rows are called series. Elements in a given row have similar properties. Compound: a pure substance composed of two or more elements

4. Physical state: a condition or stage in the physical being of matter; a solid, liquid, or gas Solid: a state of matter in which the molecules are held closely together in a rigid state Liquid: a state of matter in which molecules are in contact with one another but are not rigidly held in place Gas (Vapor): a state of matter in which the attractive forces between molecules are small enough to permit them to move with complete freedom

5. Changing Physical States: Melting: a physical change from the solid directly into the liquid state Freezing: a physical change from the liquid directly into the solid state Evaporation: a physical change from the liquid directly into the gaseous state Condensation: a physical change from the gas directly into the liquid state Sublimation: a physical change from the solid directly into the gaseous state Deposition: a physical change from the gas directly into the solid state

6. Phase Diagrams: a uniform piece of matter; different phases are separated by definite visible boundaries