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A New Crisis

A New Crisis. A Crisis Over Tariffs.

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A New Crisis

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  1. A New Crisis

  2. A Crisis Over Tariffs • In 1828, Congress passed the highest tariff in the history of the nation, Southerners called it the Tariff of Abomination (an abomination is something that is hated)This tariff protected the manufacturing companies in the North, but not the cotton plantations of the South. • A leader in the South’s fight against the tariff was Vice President John C. Calhoun. Calhoun claimed that a state had the right to nullify, or cancel, a federal law that it considered to be unconstitutional.

  3. The Nullification Crisis • Congress passed a new tariff in 1832 that lowered the rate slightly, but S.C. wasn’t satisfied. It passed the Nullification Act declaring the new tariff illegal. It also threatened to secede , or withdraw, from the Union if challenged. • Jackson had the power of the army to enforce the tariff and faced with Jackson’s firm stand, no other state chose to support South Carolina. • S.C. repealed the Nullification Act, but tensions between the North and the South would increase in the years ahead.

  4. Tragedy for Native Americans • Jackson’s supporters in Congress pushed through the Indian Removal Act of 1830. It forced many Native Americans to move west of the Mississippi. Whites did not mind turning land over to Indians that they thought was a vast desert. In 1838, the U.S. Army drove more than 15,000 Cherokee westward. The Cherokee trekked hundreds of miles over a period of several months. Thousands perished during the march. • The long sorrowful journey west for the Cherokee became known as the Trail of Tears.

  5. Martin Van Buren and Hard Times • Jackson left office after two terms and Americans then elected Martin Van Buren. • Two months after taking office, Van Buren faced the worst economic crisis the country had ever known. It was called the Panic of 1837. With the closing of the Bank of the U.S., state banks had printed more and more paper money leading to inflation. This caused cotton prices to decrease, and led to an economic depression. • 90 percent of the nation's factories were closed., and some had to steal food to survive.

  6. Campaign of 1840 • Although Van Buren was not popular, the Democrats chose him to run for reelection in 1840. The Whigs chose William Henry Harrison of Ohio. Harrison was known as the hero of Tippecanoe. To appeal to voters, the Whigs focused on Harrison’s war record. • The campaigns of 1840 reflected a new sort of politics because Harrison traveled across the land making speeches and greeting voters. Harrison won the election of 1840. Harrison died 30 days into office, and Tyler failed to live up to Whig expectations

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