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Parts of a Eukaryotic Cell

Parts of a Eukaryotic Cell. Eu – Good / True Karyote- Kernel (nucleus). Cell Membrane. The Cell Membrane is made of a phospholipid bilayer Phospholipids – are made of a glycerol, phosphate, and two fatty acids Bilayer - Two Layers. Phospholipids (the dancing Baker).

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Parts of a Eukaryotic Cell

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  1. Parts of a Eukaryotic Cell Eu – Good / True Karyote- Kernel (nucleus)

  2. Cell Membrane The Cell Membrane is made of a phospholipid bilayer Phospholipids – are made of a glycerol, phosphate, and two fatty acids Bilayer- Two Layers

  3. Phospholipids (the dancing Baker)

  4. A Phospholipid Bilayer

  5. Membranes are Selectively Permeable • Some substances cross the membrane while others cannot cross at all.

  6. Peripheral Proteins Are located on cell membrane: on the outside of the cell and on the inside of the cell attached to membrane

  7. Integral Proteins Are located in the cell membrane

  8. Fluid Mosaic Membrane Model • The membrane acts more like a fluid than a solid. • Proteins can change locations in the membrane

  9. Organelles

  10. Organelles • Cytoplasm – the entire contents between the plasma membrane and the nucleus • Cytosol- the jelly like substance that surrounds all the organelles

  11. Mitochondria –the powerhouse • Mitochondria have many internal folds called cristae (Kris-tee) • This is the organelle that produces ATP for Energy • This organelle has its own “Mitochondrial DNA”

  12. The inside of the mitochondria is called the MATRIX

  13. Ribosomes – Protein Assemblers • Ribosomes have no membrane They are: • Made of RNA and Protein • Responsible for making proteins • Found in the cytosol and on the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

  14. Endoplasmic Reticulum – the highway • Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - • Covered with ribosomes • Makes and transports proteins • Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum- • Makes Steroids • Regulates calcium levels in muscle cells

  15. Rough And Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

  16. Golgi Apparatus – Packaging and Secreting • Is a series of flattened sacs with a convex shape • It makes, packages and distributes proteins to the cell

  17. Golgi Apparatus

  18. Lysosomes – the digester • Have a phospholipid monolayer • Digest proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and DNA and RNA • Contain enzymes that break down old organelles, viruses and bacteria.

  19. Cytoskeleton – the scaffolding Provides the structural support for a cell Made of • Microfilaments-small threads of actin protein. Responsible for cell movement • Microtubules- large hollow tubes that help during mitosis

  20. Green = Microtubules Blue = Chromosomes Red = Mitochondria

  21. Cilia and Flagella Responsible for cellular locomotion (movement) Cilia – hair like projections from the cell Flagella – one to several extensions from the cell

  22. Microtubules in a 9:2 Ratio

  23. Nucleus • Contains a nuclear skeleton known as the Nuclear Matrix

  24. Nucleus • Nuclear envelope- surrounds the nucleus • Cromatin – unraveled chromosomes. • Chromosomes – contain genetic information • Nuclear pores – openings in the nuclear envelope • Nucleolus - makes ribosomes

  25. Cell Wall • Only in plant cells • They are rigid structures made of cellulose

  26. Vacuoles • Store waste, food, and water. Makes up most of many plant cells.

  27. Plastid (found primarily in plant cells) • Chloroplast- captures energy from the sun to make sugar Thylakoid

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