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Minerals

Minerals. The Hope Diamond. Courtesy of Museum of Natural History. Diamonds and Emeralds which Napoleon gave Marie Louise - 950 diamonds and 79 emeralds. Smithsonian. What’s a mineral?. The basic materials of the earth’s crust.

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Minerals

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  1. Minerals

  2. The Hope Diamond Courtesy of Museum of Natural History

  3. Diamonds and Emeralds which Napoleon gave Marie Louise - 950 diamonds and 79 emeralds Smithsonian

  4. What’s a mineral? • The basic materials of the earth’s crust. • Naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a definite chemical composition and crystal structure. • Can be element or compound.

  5. Mineral Structure • Minerals are crystals • A crystal is a solid in which the atoms are arranged in repeating patterns.

  6. How do crystals form ? • 3 Ways: • Cooling of melted rock (magma) • Evaporation of liquid • Saturated solutions

  7. Types of Minerals • Earth’s crust contains more than 2000 kinds of minerals!! • Minerals that form earth’s crust are most common = rock-forming minerals.

  8. Elements in Earth’s Crust

  9. Silicate Minerals • Most common rock-forming minerals • contain Si and O and usually other atoms

  10. IDENTIFYING MINERALS • There are many characteristics used to help identify minerals. • Scientists called mineralogists use these characteristics to conduct tests to properly identify minerals!

  11. Characteristics of Minerals • Color: Unreliable test but easy to observe • Ex. Amethyst: purple quartz • Never identify only on color • Streak: Powdered form of a mineral. Rub mineral on piece of ceramic tile • Called Streak Plate

  12. Characteristics of Minerals • Luster: The way a mineral reflects light • Two types *Nonmetallic *Metallic • Nonmetallic: Glassy, waxy, pearly, brilliant, dull • Metallic: Those that reflect light like polished metal

  13. Characteristics of Minerals • Cleavage: Ability to break evenly along flat surfaces • Fracture: breaks unevenly Types: • rough surface: uneven or irregular • broken wood: splintery

  14. Characteristics of Minerals • Hardness: ability of a mineral to resist scratches • Moh’s Scale is used to determine hardness softest #1 Talc hardest #10 Diamond • Determined by strength of inner bond

  15. Other Unique Properties: • Magnetism: iron-containing minerals. • Example is magnetite. Lodestone is a form of magnetite used as a needle for the first magnetic compasses.

  16. Other Unique Properties: • Flourescence: ability to glow under UV light • Example is Willemite appears green under UV light • Phosphorescence: keep glowing after UV light is cut off.

  17. Other Unique Properties: • Acid Test: Fizzes when HCl is added to it • Example is calcite.

  18. Uses of Minerals Basic Raw Materials for products used in everyday life

  19. ORES • A mineral is an ore if it contains a useful substance that can be mined for profit. • Examples: Aluminum, Lead, Sulfur, & Iron

  20. Gemstones • Minerals that are hard, beautiful and durable and can be cut & polished. • Once a gemstone is cut is is called a gem • Valued by rareness and beauty

  21. Minerals Project • Get into the following groups: G1= Jorge, Kristina, Torry, Brian G2=Tommy, Winnie, Rebecca, Khalil G3= Jeffery, Gregg, Ayla, LaToya G4= Terrell, Brittany, Jasmine, Keith G5= Abby, Corey, Jessica, John G6= April, Emilie, Maurice, Brazilian G7= Bobby, D’Vante, Patricia, Tameka, Joseph

  22. Minerals Project • As a group, design a lab where you identify minerals. • You are given 10 minerals, how do you determine what they are. • Use Ch. 5 in your book and break it down step by step how you would ID a mineral. Mineral charts are in Ch. 5 as well as in the back of your book. • Make sure you are clear on all procedures, materials needed, graphs to show info, etc. • Due at the end of class, you will use this next class to ID your minerals. Make it good!!!

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