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Public Health Impact: The Cost of Methamphetamine

Explore the detrimental effects of clandestine meth labs on the environment and public health. Learn about hazardous chemicals used, cleanup challenges, community repercussions, and the significant economic and health costs associated with methamphetamine production and use. Discover the alarming statistics, emergency room visits, impacts on children, law enforcement challenges, and the unique issues faced by communities affected by methamphetamine. This comprehensive study sheds light on the far-reaching consequences of methamphetamine production and use.

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Public Health Impact: The Cost of Methamphetamine

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  1. Public Health Impact: The Cost of Methamphetamine Caroline Hawkins RN, PhD Student Walden University PUBH 8165-10 Environmental Health Dr. Howard Rubin Spring Quarter, 2011 The Environmental and Social Effects of Clandestine Meth Labs

  2. Learning Objectives Photos courtesy of Drug Enforcement Agency [DEA], n.d.b; Meth-Kills.org, n.d. • Environmental impact • Public health impact • Community issues • Importance to: • Public health officials • Law enforcement • 1st responders • The costs

  3. Impact of MA on the Environment Photo courtesy of DEC Riverside County, CA, n.d. • Hazardous chemicals • Chemicals combinations • Toxic/explosive potential

  4. Chemicals Used in a Typical Meth Lab DEA, n.d.a; Photo courtesy of Oregon State Police Drug Enforcement Section, 2007 • Common Ingredients: • Starting fluid (ether) • Paint thinner • Freon • Acetone • Anhydrous ammonia • Iodine crystals • Red phosphorous • Brake cleaner (toluene) • Drain cleaner (sodium hydroxide) • Battery acid (sulfuric acid) • Reactive metals (sodium or lithium) • Cold tablets containing pseudoephedrine

  5. Acetone • Flammable • Irritant • eyes • skin • mucous membranes • gastric • Coma NDIC, 2006; Terra Industries, Inc., 2008; Photo courtesy of University of Melbourne, 2005

  6. Freon Photo courtesy of the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, RCRA, 2011 • Corrosive • Inhalation exposure • Cardiac arrest • Lung damage

  7. Anhydrous Ammonia • Colorless gas • Odorous fumes • Toxic • Burns • Inhalation edema • Pulmonary edema • Life-threatening NDIC, 2006; Terra Industries, Inc., 2008; Photo courtesy of Nometh.org, n.d.

  8. Sodium Hydroxide DEA, n.d.b; NDIC, 2006; Photo courtesy of California Department of Toxic Substances Control, 2007 • Corrosive • Irritant • Inhalation • Ingestion • Skin • Eyes • Severe burns • Thermal • Chemical • Pulmonary edema

  9. Meth Cleanup and Disposal of By-products DEA, n.d.a; Gonzales, Mooney, & Rawson, 2008; NDIC, 2006; Photo courtesy of Medfels (n.d.). • Environmental hazards • Contaminate property • Water supplies, farmland, vegetation • Unusable • Tree kills • Cattle deaths

  10. Meth Cleanup and Disposal of By-products DEA, (2003); Photos courtesy of Boulder Co., 2011; King County, Washington, 2011 • By-products dumped • Long-term effects • Valueless property • Homes abandoned • Agricultural areas

  11. Community Impact of Meth CDC (2005); Hunt (2006); Photos courtesy of DEC Riverside County, CA, n.d.; NoMeth.org (n.d.) • Acute exposure risks

  12. Community Effects of Meth CDC, 2005; Photo courtesy of Nometh.org, n.d. Flash fires Explosions

  13. Community Effects of Meth CDC, 2005; Photos courtesy of OregonLive.com, 2004 • Meth Homes Searched

  14. Community Effects of Meth Governor’s Office of Criminal Justice Planning, n.d.; Grant, 2007; NewsHerald.com, 2009. Photos courtesy of NewsHerald.com, 2009 • Youngest victims • Dad offender/child abuser • Between 2000-2005 • 15,000 children affected

  15. Community Effects of Meth Photos courtesy of DEA, n.d.a; Riverside Co., CA, n.d. • National reporting data • Regional data • Minneapolis (up 243%) • New Orleans (up 194%) • St Louis (up 97%) • Atlanta (up 67%) • Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) system in 2003

  16. Public Health Impact • MA use increase • Nationwide • 2% in 1994 • 5% in 2004 • 2009 incidence rates • 24% • 10.5% • 577% of MA seizures • Worldwide • Second only to marijuana • 35 million people DEA, n.d.; EPA, 2006; Photos courtesy of NoMeth.org, n.d.; University of Utah, 2011

  17. Public Health Impact California Department of Toxic Substances, 2007; Hunt, 2006; NDIC, 2006; Photos courtesy of Atlanta Journal and Constitution, 2011; National Geographic, 2011 • Emergency room visits • Overdose • Burns • Pulmonary damage • Cardiac problems • Toxicity exposures • 2003 incidence rates • 35% of States • 10% of admissions

  18. Public Health Impact McGuinness & Pollack, 2008; Photos courtesy of Meth-kills.org; Parentsstopmeth.org, n.d. • Children vulnerable • Health/safety outcomes • Chemical exposure • Physical/sexual abuse • Neglect • Developmental delays • Mental/behavioral problems • 80% test positive

  19. Public Health Impact Center for Substance Abuse Research [CESAR], 2009 • Economic costs • $23.4 billion in 2005 • Morbidity and mortality • Criminal justice/social welfare • Productivity/quality of life • Social harm • Crime/violence

  20. Law Enforcement CDC, 2000; DEA, 2000; Hunt, 2006; Photo courtesy of Parentsstopmeth.org, n.d. • Unique and serious problems • Search warrants • 1996-1999 • 112 MA events • 55 (69.6%) injuries • 2002 to 2003 • Air emissions • Fires • Explosions

  21. Law Enforcement Hunt, 2006. Photos courtesy of DEA, n.d.b.; Inform.com, 2011 • Lab detection • Clandestine placement • Resources limited • Close-knit system • Transactions outdoors • Problematic surveillance

  22. First Responders CDC, 2000; Hunt, 2006. Photos courtesy of Inform.com, 2011 • Greater risk • Specialized training • Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs) • Hospital employees

  23. First Responders • Hazmat suits • Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance (HSEES) • 112 events • 155 injuries • 79 (51.0%) first responders • Nine (11.4%) EMTs • Eight (10.1%) firefighters • Seven (8.9%) hospital employees CDC, 2000; Hunt, 2006. Photos courtesy of Inform.com, 2011

  24. Major Public Health Challenges Gonzales, Mooney, & Rawson; Photos courtesy of DEA, n.d.c • United States • Demographic profile shift • Men and women • Latinos • Native Americans/Alaskan Natives • Asian/Pacific Islanders • Offender populations

  25. Major Public Health Challenges DEA, n.d.a; Photos courtesy of National Geographic, 2011 • Ancillary costs • Overtime salaries • Specialized training • Criminal justice • Medical

  26. Public Health Impact: The Cost of Methamphetamine • Thank You For Your Attention Photos courtesy of Meth-Kills.org, 2010; Boulder County Sheriff’s Department, 2011; Parentsstopmeth.org, n.d.; kued.org, 2011; Riverside County, CA, n.d.

  27. References Atlanta Journal and Constitution. (2011). No more funds for meth lab cleanups. Retrieved from http://www.ajc.com/news/no-more-funds-for-864764.html Boulder County. (2011). Meth lab photo gallery. Retrieved from http://www.bouldercounty.org/live/environment/air/pages/methlabphotogallery.aspx California Department of Toxic Substances Control. (2007). Methamphetamine drug lab cleanup program. Retrieved from http://www.dtsc.ca.gov/sitecleanup/erp/clan_labs.cfm Center for Substance Abuse Research, University of Maryland, College Park. (2009). Methamphetamine cost society and estimated $23.4 billion in 2005. Retrieved from http://www.cesar.umd.edu/cesar/cesarfax/vol18/18-16.pdf Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2005). Guideline Acute public health consequences of methamphetamine laboratories-16 states, January 2000-June 2004. (MMWR Publications No. RR-16). Atlanta, GA. Retrieved http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4945a1.htm Florida Department of Environmental Protection, RCRA. (2011). Compliance assistance: Waste Management. Retrieved from http://www.rcra101.org/index.html Gonzales, R., Mooney, L., & Rawson, R. (2010). The methamphetamine problem in the United States. Annual Review of Public Health, 31385-398. Retrieved from http://cv8yh9th3f.search.serialssolutions.com.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/?genre=article&issn=01637525&title=Annual+Review+of+Public+Health&volume=31&issue=1&date=20100401&atitle=The+Methamphetamine+Problem+in+the+United+States.&spage=385&pages=385-398&sid=EBSCO:Academic+Search+Complete&aulast=Gonzales%2c+Rachel Governor’s Office of Criminal Justice Planning. (n.d.). Multi-Agency Partnerships: Linking Drugs with Child Endangerment, Sacramento, CA. Retrieved from http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/ovc/publications/bulletins/children/pg5.html Grant, P. (2007). Evaluation of children removed from a clandestine methamphetamine laboratory. Journal Of Emergency Nursing, 33(1), 31-41. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/science?_ob=MImg&_imagekey=B6WJ5-4MWPRMN-9-C&_cdi=6869&_user=7754736&_pii=S0099176706007525&_origin=gateway&_coverDate=02%2F28%2F2007&_sk=999669998&view=c&wchp=dGLbVtb-zSkWb&md5=acca41ce8fa4a8e807c0a401f27c58cb&ie=/sdarticle.pdf Hunt, D. E. (2006). Methamphetamine abuse: Challenges for law enforcement and communities. National Institute of Justice Journal, 254, 28-31. Retrieved from http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/jr000254.pdf Inform.com. (2011). Meth lab fire. Retrieved from http://inform.com/world/meth-lab-fire-2219533p

  28. References McGuinness, T. M., & Pollack, D. (2008). Parental methamphetamine abuse and children. Journal of Pediatric Health Care, 22(3), 152-158. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/science?_ob=MImg&_imagekey=B6WKK-4S02D6Y-1-1&_cdi=6909&_user=7754736&_pii=S0891524507001393&_origin=gateway&_coverDate=06%2F30%2F2008&_sk=999779996&view=c&wchp=dGLzVzz-zSkzV&md5=282a5f3d8f62342cd1613f2ef9389a46&ie=/sdarticle.pdf Meth Education for Elementary Schools. (n.d.). Meth & health. Retrieved from http://www5.semo.edu/criminal/medfels/Meth%20&%20Health.htm Meth-Kills.org. (2010). Photos. Retrieved from http://meth-kills.org/ National Drug Intelligence Center. (2006). Methamphetamine laboratory identification and hazards fast facts. Retrieved from http://www.justice.gov/ndic/pubs7/7341/index.htm#signs National Geographic. (2011). Drugs Inc.: Meth. Retrieved from http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/series/drugs-inc/4657/Photos#tab-Photos/0 NewsHerald.com. (2009). The path this scumbag took. Retrieved from http://www.newsherald.com/articles/meth-76890-captured-panama.html NoMeth.org. (n.d.). Consequences of meth to children. Retrieved from http://nometh.org/children.html Oregonlive.com. (2004). Children of meth. Retrieved from http://www.oregonlive.com/news/oregonian/photos/gallery.ssf?cgi-bin/view_gallery.cgi/olive/view_gallery.ata?g_id=4087 Oregon State Police, Drug Enforcement Section. (2007). Meth in your neighborhood? Retrieved from http://www.oregon.gov/OSP/DES/Meth_Neighborhood.shtml Parentsstopmeth.org. (n.d.). Children of methamphetamine. Retrieved from http://www.parentsstopmeth.org/meth_orphans.htm Riverside County, California, Drug Endangered Children Program. (n.d.). Photos. Retrieved from http://dec.riversidesheriff.org/misc/photos.htm Terra Industries, Inc. (2008). Anhydrous ammonia. Retrieved from http://www.tet-terra.com/downloads/anhydrous_ammonia.pdf

  29. References University of Utah. (2011). Aftermath of meth. Retrieved from http://www.kued.org/?area=pressReleases&action=details&id=MzQ University of Melbourne. (2005). Acetone. Retrieved from http://safety.chemistry.unimelb.edu.au/labels.php U. S. Department of Justice. (2006). Methamphetamine abuse: Challenges for law enforcement and communities. Retrieved from http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/jr000254.pdf U. S. Drug Enforcement Administration. (2000). News from DEA: Congressional testimony. Retrieved from http://www.justice.gov/dea/pubs/cngrtest/ct042400.htm U. S. Drug Enforcement Administration. (2003). Facing the methamphetamine problem in the America (Congressional Testimony). Retrieved from http://www.justice.gov/dea/pubs/cngrtest/ct071803.htm U. S. Drug Enforcement Administration. (n.d.a). Environmental impacts of methamphetamine. Retrieved from http://www.justice.gov/dea/concern/meth_environment.html U. S. Drug Enforcement Administration. (n.d.b). Methamphetamine. Retrieved from http://www.justice.gov/dea/images_methamphetamine.html U. S. Drug Enforcement Administration. (n.d.c). Methamphetamine lab incident, 2004-2010. Retrieved from http://www.justice.gov/dea/concern/map_lab_seizures.html U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (2008). Methamphetamine: Threatening the health and environment of Tribal communities. Tribal Waste Journal, 6, 1-20. Retrieved from http://www.epa.gov/wastes/wycd/tribal/pdftxt/twj-6.pdf

  30. Additional Resources D.A.R.E. (1996). Methamphetamine. Retrieved from http://www.dare.org/home/DrugInformation/Story3a64.asp?N=DrugInformation&M=11&S=25 Mothers Against Meth. (2011). Methamphetamine: The most addictive drug on the planet. Retrieved from http://www.mamasite.net/index.php National Institute on Drug Abuse. (n.d.). NISA info facts: Methamphetamine. Retrieved from http://www.nida.nih.gov/infofacts/methamphetamine.html Office of Drug Policy, Michigan Departmetn of Community Health. (2003). Formula for disaster: Methamphetamine. Retrieved from http://www.michigan.gov/documents/June03MethPR_JacksonCounty_67434_7.pdf OregonLive.com. (1999). Children of meth. Retrieved from http://www.oregonlive.com/news/oregonian/photos/gallery.ssf?cgi-bin/view_gallery.cgi/olive/view_gallery.ata?g_id=4087

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