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Bell Work

Update Gradesheet. Bell Work. Describe the population patterns in Latin America? Why would people live where they do?. What are the top three countries people in Latin America are migrating from? Possible reasons?. Urbanization.

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Bell Work

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  1. Update Gradesheet Bell Work Describe the population patterns in Latin America? Why would people live where they do? What are the top three countries people in Latin America are migrating from? Possible reasons?

  2. Urbanization • Population shift is the change in number or location of a significant amount of people within an area • Urbanization is the process whereby more people live and work in cities.

  3. Population Patterns by Continent

  4. Latin American Urbanization Reasons: • Famine in rural areas • Highlands areas are difficult to farm • Many families “scout” areas surrounding large cities carefully before moving • They move at night, “squatting” on the unused land • Eventually the city administration recognizes them and extends services (water, electricity, etc)

  5. Latin American Urbanization Reasons: • Economic opportunities • Similar to Mexican-American immigration • Usually seek employment in primary activities / unskilled labor

  6. Primate Cities • A primate city is a major city that works as the financial, political, and population center of a country and is not rivaled in any of these ways by any other city in that country • Example --> Mexico City • Mexico City’s population is about 8.5 million • The next largest city in Mexico is Guadalajara, with a population of about 1.7 million • Mexico City is the financial, political, and population center of Mexico

  7. Megacities • Urban concentration with more than 10 million inhabitants • Very high population densities • Minimum 2000 people per sq km

  8. Buenos Aires – Appr. 13 million people Heavy European Influences here.

  9. Buenos Aires

  10. Sao Paulo Appr. 20.9 million people

  11. Sao Paulo

  12. Mexico City – Different looks in different places

  13. Mexico City – Different looks in different places

  14. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

  15. 11.2M

  16. Results of Rapid Urbanization • Shantytowns • neighborhoods where poor migrants to cities live. Also called slums • Hernando DeSoto • “Modest homes cramped together on city perimeters, a myriad of workshops in their midst, armies of vendors hawking their wares on the street, and countless minibus lines crisscrossing them – all seem to have sprung from nowhere, pushing the city’s boundaries ever outward.” --on Lima’s squatter cities

  17. Results of Rapid Urbanization • No potable water • No trash collection • Trash litters the alleyways • No sewer system • Disease is rampant

  18. Results of Rapid Urbanization • Villa Miseria • Squatter city on the outskirts of Buenos Aires, Argentina • Barrio “La Cava” • “The Digging” • Houses terraced in an old clay pit • Houses made from scraps of wood, shipping crates, sheets of tin, and cardboard

  19. “The Digging”

  20. Rio de Janeiro low income homes

  21. Sao Paulo, Brazil

  22. Social Characteristics of Squatter Cities • New Settlements: • High crime rate • Destitute • Social discrimination from long-time residents

  23. Social Characteristics of Squatter Cities • Discrimination • Many times, poor immigrants will work for much lower wages • As a result, wages in general are driven down • Similar to Mexico – US immigration arguments • Large industries – unions • Cultural discrimination

  24. Development of Squatter Cities • As migrants “get on their feet,” sometimes the slums change • Gradually scrap-built houses are replaced with adobe or brick homes • Some homes double as a place of business (repair shops, general store, butcher shop)

  25. La Boca outside of Buenos Aires Juan Peron

  26. Cultural Characteristics of Squatter Cities • Opera and theater gradually replaced • Although not wealthy enough to enjoy “the high culture” many settlers are given the opportunity to experience movies, soccer, folk festivals, and television • This would not be an option if they’d stayed rural • Settler consumption of beer, rice, and table salt increase • Overall consumption of meat and wine decrease • Why?

  27. Legal Issues and Loopholes • Technically, squatter settlements are illegal in many places • Cities usually recognize a squatter city and allow it to exist (what are they going to do with 10-20,000 settlers?) • Squatters who eventually build houses often leave them unfinished to avoid taxation • Taxes are assessed only on finished houses • In some places, thousands live in half-built houses to take advantage of this loophole

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