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Background to EDC

Endocrine Disruption in the Marine Environment Mike Waldock Cefas Weymouth Laboratory Barrack Road Weymouth Dorset. UK DT48UB mike.waldock@cefas.co.uk. Background to EDC. First identified from eggs and sperm in the same tissue – intersex fish in UK rivers. Background to EDC.

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Background to EDC

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  1. Endocrine Disruption in the Marine EnvironmentMike WaldockCefas Weymouth LaboratoryBarrack Road WeymouthDorset. UK DT48UBmike.waldock@cefas.co.uk

  2. Background to EDC • First identified from eggs and sperm in the same tissue – intersex fish in UK rivers

  3. Background to EDC Measurements of Yolk protein in male fish blood

  4. Identification of causative substances

  5. Testing the effects on fish Vitellogenin in male trout exposed to oestrone and 17ß oestradiol 100000000 * 10000000 * 1000000 Initial 100000 Final 10000 1000 100 10 C 6.25 12.5 25 50 100 25 25/25 E2 oes/E2 oestrone (ng/l)

  6. Testing the effects on fish

  7. Testing the effects on fish Vitellogenin in Male Trout Exposed to Octylphenol and 17 ß oestradiol * 100000000 * 10000000 * 1000000 Initial 100000 Final 10000 1000 100 10 C MC 1 10 100 1 10 100 E2 ng/l OP µg/l

  8. List of compounds Compounds: Ethyl estradiol (the pill) natural female hormones, industrial chemicals non-ionic surfactants, phthalates, bis phenol A, pesticides and biocides (metabolites DDE) Effects: Estrogens – male to female. Androgens female- to male. Anti-androgens, anti-estrogens.

  9. Could there be a problem in the open sea? • Flounder work showing decreasing trends Sewage related decreasing problem

  10. TBT • Antifouling on yachts 60’s- 80’s and on ships to date

  11. TBT • Good example of endocrine disruption before we called it ED.

  12. TBT

  13. TBT levels are decreasing and effects reducing Shetlands monitoring by FRS

  14. ICES Workshop and Cod • Cod placed in cages At 500m from platforms – 5 fold increase in VTG in male cod At 2000m – background levels

  15. Largest wastewater stream in offshore oil & gas production (~ 340 x 106 m3 yr-1). Complex composition: small amounts of dispersed oil dissolved organic compounds (including h/c) organic acids phenols production chemicals inorganic compounds Produced water discharges

  16. ER agonists identified in PW Isomeric mixture of C1 to C5 and C9 alkyl substituted phenols (APs).

  17. Is it enough to affect cod? • Cod work trends with age

  18. 180 160 Shetland Box 140 Iceland Irish Sea 120 North Sea 100 80 m g/ml) 60 40 VTG ( 20 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Body length (cm) VTG in the plasma of male cod VTG µg/ml Scott and Thain CEFAS (unpublished data)

  19. Results to Present • Widespread induction in large cod • Lower but significant induction in prey fish – dab • Next steps to identify the causes (TIE)

  20. Conclusions • Endocrine Disruption is present in the open sea at low levels. • TBT related specifically to antifouling paint use on shipping and is being controlled • Effects on fish are unlikely to be from sewage discharges of hormones because dilution would be too great • Inputs from produced water seem to be only weakly estrogenic • The relationship with the size of the fish suggests that the effect is due to compounds bioaccumulating up the food chain

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