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Chapter 8 REPUBLICAN ASCENDANCY: The Jeffersonian Vision

Chapter 8 REPUBLICAN ASCENDANCY: The Jeffersonian Vision. North America in 1800. “The Peaceful Revolution”: The Election of 1800. Hamilton’s High Federalists led campaign to replace Adams with Pinckney Republicans Jefferson and Burr tied in Electoral College

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Chapter 8 REPUBLICAN ASCENDANCY: The Jeffersonian Vision

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  1. Chapter 8REPUBLICAN ASCENDANCY: The Jeffersonian Vision

  2. North America in 1800

  3. “The Peaceful Revolution”: The Election of 1800 • Hamilton’s High Federalists led campaign to replace Adams with Pinckney • Republicans Jefferson and Burr tied in Electoral College • Federalist House of Representatives had to break the tie

  4. The Election of 1800

  5. Jefferson’s Inauguration (1801) • “We are all republicans—we are all federalists” • Wanted the principles of American government to rise above party politics

  6. Jefferson as President • Dedicated to intellectual pursuits • Jefferson’s goals as president: • Reduce size and cost of government by reducing spending • Reduce national debt • Reduce size of the military • Keep U.S. out of war

  7. The Louisiana Purchase • Spain gave Louisiana to France • Slave rebellion in Haiti that led to the loss of 30,000 French troops convinced Napoleon to give up attempt to expand empire to Western Hemisphere • Sold all of Louisiana for $15 million • However, Constitution vague on power to acquire land inhabited by foreigners • But, TJ went ahead with purchase

  8. Effects of The Louisiana Purchase • Doubled size of the US • Permanently opened Mississippi River to western farmers • Violated TJ’s views concerning the strict construction of the Constitution • Showed TJ could be flexible in dealing with foreign relations

  9. The Louisiana Purchase and the Route of Lewis and Clark

  10. The Barbary States

  11. The Election of 1804

  12. Marbury v. Madison • Marbury v. Madison (1803) ruled Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional • Federalist Marbury denied his appointment • SIGNIFICANCE – Established precedence of judicial review – Supreme Court’s ability to decide whether or not acts of Congress are constitutional

  13. Vice President Aaron Burr • Vice-President Aaron Burr broke with Jefferson • Alexander Hamilton blocked Burr’s efforts to become NY Governor • Burr killed Hamilton in a duel

  14. Embargo Act of 1807 • Congress prohibited U.S. ships from leaving port • Purpose: to win English + French respect for American neutrality rights • Embargo unpopular at home • Army suppressed smuggling • New England economy badly damaged

  15. The Election of 1808

  16. The Election of 1812

  17. Causes of War of 1812 • Congressional War Hawks demanded war with England to preserve American honor • America wanted to end British impressment of US sailors, interference with US trade, and British aid to Indians on the frontier

  18. War of 1812 • Americans unprepared for war • Most attacks against Canada failed • Washington D.C. burned by British • Baltimore saved by defense of Fort McHenry • Francis Scott Key wrote “Star Spangled Banner”

  19. Treaty of Ghent Ends War of 1812 • Ended hostilities but settled little else • No land changed hands

  20. The War of 1812

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