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1. Theory Presentation 2013 Five Theories Presentation THEORY PRESENTED BY:M. M. A. HAMDAN MUKTHAR (SRI LANKA) • mr.ahamed.hamdan.mukthar@gmail.com Flag of Sri Lanka Courtesy of footage.shutterstock.com

2. BLOOM’S TAXONOMY Bloom’s taxonomy refers to a classification of the different objectives that educators set for students (learning objectives). Bloom's taxonomy divides educational objectives into three "domains": Cognitive, Affective, and Psychomotor (sometimes loosely described as knowing/head, feeling/heart and doing/hands respectively). Within the domains, learning at the higher levels is dependent on having attained prerequisite knowledge and skills at lower levels. A goal of Bloom's taxonomy is to motivate educators to focus on all three domains, creating a more holistic form of education.

3. Bloom’s Taxonomy's Example. In my opinion, Bloom’s taxonomy could be used to solve the problem of dangers face by the animals and plants in my country. It is possible if we collect the details available about that specific issue and then we should try to understand that issue by collecting and searching more details about it. Then we should look for the solutions in order to solve the problem by applying it first. After applying this solution we should look and analyse it whether it is suitable or not to solve the problem. Because of this bloom's taxonomy theory system we can find the best way or solution to solve the particular issue mentioned earlier. So finally it will help you to create a new solution.

4. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory Instead of focusing on psychopathology and what goes wrong with people, Maslow (1943) formulated a more positive account of human behaviour which focused on what goes right. He was interested in human potential, and how we fulfill that potential. This five stage model can be divided into basic (or deficiency) needs (e.g. physiological, safety, love, and esteem) and growth needs (self-actualization). The deficiency, or basic needs are said to motivate people when they are unmet. Also, the need to fulfil such needs will become stronger the longer the duration they are denied. For example, the longer a person goes without food the more hungry they will become. One must satisfy lower level basic needs before progressing on to meet higher level growth needs.   Once these needs have been reasonably satisfied, one may be able to reach the highest level called self-actualization.

5. Example for Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory In my opinion, Maslow’s Hierarchy of need theory can be used to solve the problem of dangers face by the animals and plants in my country which is an important problem. Mostly this Maslow’s theory is used to empower the life of people who are facing so many problems in their daily life. I think It is possible if we use this theory to solve the issue of our country which is the dangers face by animals and plants in my country. Because it will bring more positive results at the end of applying this theory to find a solution. In order to do this we should consider all the parts of Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs theory without failing or missing any steps.

6. Gardner's Multiple Intelligences Theory Howard Gardner of Harvard has identified seven distinct intelligences. This theory has emerged from recent cognitive research and "documents the extent to which students possess different kinds of minds and therefore learn, remember, perform, and understand in different ways," according to Gardner (1991). According to this theory, "we are all able to know the world through language, logical-mathematical analysis, spatial representation, musical thinking, the use of the body to solve problems or to make things, an understanding of other individuals, and an understanding of ourselves. Where individuals differ is in the strength of these intelligences - the so-called profile of intelligences -and in the ways in which such intelligences are invoked and combined to carry out different tasks, solve diverse problems, and progress in various domains.“ [Soul McLeoud 2007]

7. Example for Gardner's Multiple Intelligences Theory I think it is possible to use Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences Theory to solve any problems in order to get a Meaningful and effective results. Same like that we can use this to solve my current issue which is the dangers face by the animals and plants of my country Sri Lanka. If we look at the system and steps of Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences Theory you can see that mainly they are focusing on so many ways and ideas to solve a single problem. It is more important to look at so many other ways rather than looking at only one or two ideas. Because it will open more and more oprtunity make something new in the solution that we are going to make at the and of our project. So, if we use Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence Theory we can get more effective results than using other theories.

8. REFERENCES Biggs, J. B. and Collis, K. (1982). Evaluating the Quality of Learning: the SOLO taxonomy. New York, Academic Press Bloom B. S. (1956). Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, Handbook I: The Cognitive Domain. New York: David McKay Co Inc. Dave, R. H. (1975). Developing and Writing Behavioral Objectives. (R. J. Armstrong, ed.). Tucson, Arizona: Educational Innovators Press.