An Introduction to Information Systems

1. An Introduction to Information Systems Chapter 1 Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

2. Chapter 1 Outline • Information Concepts • System and Modeling Concepts • What’s an Information System? • Computer-based Information Systems • Business Information Systems • Systems Development • Why Learn About Information Systems? Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

3. Information Concepts Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

4. Definition of an Information System “A set of interrelated components that collect, manipulate, and disseminate data and information, and provide feedback to meet an objective” • Examples: ATMs, airline reservation systems, course reservation systems Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

5. Data vs. Information • Data: raw facts • Information: a collection of facts that are organized so that they have value (often for decision making) beyond that of the facts themselves Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

6. Types of Data Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

7. The Characteristics of Valuable Information Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

8. The Characteristics of Valuable Information Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

9. Transforming Data Into Information Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

10. System and Modeling Concepts Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

11. Definition of a System “A set of elements that interact to accomplish goals” Systems consist of: • Input(s) • Processing • Output(s) • Feedback: output used to make changes to inputs or processing • Other system terms: • System boundary: distinguishes the system from its environment • A configuration: the way system elements are organized or arranged. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

12. Components of a System: Input, Processing, Output and Feedback Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

13. System and Modeling Concepts Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

14. Classifying System Types Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

15. More System Terms and Concepts • Performance and Standards • Efficiency: output/input • Effectiveness: extent to which system attains its goals • Performance standard: specific objective of a system • System variable - item controlled by decision-maker • System parameter - value that cannot be controlled Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

16. System Performance and Standards System variable- item controlled by decision-maker System parameter- value that cannot be controlled Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

17. System Models • “an abstraction used to represent reality” • 4 major types of models: • 1. A narrative model is based on words and is a logical, not physical model • 2. A physical model is a tangible representation of reality • 3. A schematic model represents reality using graphs and charts • 4. A mathematical model uses formulas and calculations to represent reality Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

18. System Model Types Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

19. What Is An Information System? Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

20. Components of an Information System Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

21. Computer-Based Information Systems (CBIS) Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

22. CBIS Components: hardware, software, databases, telecom, people and procedures Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

23. CBIS Elements • Hardware • Software • Databases • Telecommunications, Networks and the Internet (Connectivity) • People • Procedures Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

24. 7 Firms Making Excellent Use of the Internet Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

25. 7 Firms Making Excellent Use of the Internet Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

26. Business Information Systems Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

27. Business Information Systems • Electronic Commerce (EC) • E-Commerce Types: B2B, B2C, C2C, B2G, G2C • Transaction Processing Systems (TPS) • Management Information Systems (MIS) • Decision Support Systems (DSS) • Enterprise Resource Planning Systems (ERP) • Artificial Intelligence (AI) Systems • Virtual Reality Systems (VR) Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

28. Electronic Commerce (including EDI) Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

29. Transaction Processing Systems “an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases and devices used to record completed business transactions” Examples include: • Processing business exchanges • Maintaining records about the exchanges • Handling routine, yet critical, tasks • Performing simple calculations Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

30. Example of a TPS: Payroll Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

31. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) • “an integrated group of programs that can manage a company’s entire set of business operations” • Often used to coordinate planning, inventory control, production, and ordering Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

32. Management Information Systems (MIS) “an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases and devices used to provide routine information to managers and decision makers” • Focus is on improving operational efficiency (“doing things right”) • Uses transaction data as main input • Databases are used to integrate MIS from different functional areas • MIS Output types: • Scheduled reports • Demand reports • Exception reports Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

33. Management Information Systems (MIS) Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

34. Decision Support Systems (DSS) • “an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases and devices used to support problem-specific decision making” • Focus on decision-making effectiveness (“doing the right thing”) • Typically used for: • Interactive support for non-routine decisions or problems • End-users (and their expertise) are more involved in creating a DSS than an MIS Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

35. Essential DSS Elements Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

36. Special-Purpose Business Information Systems • Artificial Intelligence (AI) Systems • Expert Systems • Learning Systems • Virtual Reality Systems • Other Special-Purpose Business Information Systems Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

37. The Major Elements of Artificial Intelligence Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

38. Virtual Reality: Head Mounted Display Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

39. Virtual Reality: Data Glove Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

40. Systems Development Life Cycle Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

41. Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) • Systems development is “the activity of creating or modifying existing business systems. • The SDLC is a formal way of looking at this process. • Nearly every company will develop or use some sort of proprietary software, and the process involves more than just IS personnel. • So, it’s important to understand the SDLC to participate effectively in corporate environment. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

42. Systems DevelopmentLife Cycle Note: this last block is really two phases: system maintenance and system review Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

43. Why Learn About Information Systems? Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

44. Why Learn About Information Systems? • Advance in your career • Solve problems • Realize opportunities • Meet your career goals Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

45. Computer and Information System Literacy • Computer literacy - knowledge of computer systems and equipment • Information system literacy - knowledge of how data and information are used Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

46. Where are Information Systems used in Business and Industry? • Finance and Accounting • Sales and Marketing • Manufacturing • Investment firms • Banks • Publishing companies • Healthcare organizations • Management consulting firms • i.e., pretty much everywhere Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

47. Summary • Data - raw facts • Information - data transformed into a meaningful form • System - set of elements that interact to accomplish a goal • Systems development - creating or modifying existing business systems Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

48. Principles and Learning Objectives • The value of information is directly linked to how it helps decision makers achieve the organization’s goals. • DISTINGUISH DATA FROM INFORMATION AND DESCRIBE THE CHARACTERISTICS USED TO EVALUATE THE QUALITY OF DATA. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

49. Principles and Learning Objectives • Models, computers, and information systems are constantly making it possible for organizations to improve the way they conduct business. • NAME THE COMPONENTS OF AN INFORMATION SYSTEM AND DESCRIBE SEVERAL SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS. • IDENTIFY FOUR BASIC TYPES OF MODELS AND EXPLAIN HOW THEY ARE USED. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition

50. Principles and Learning Objectives • Knowing the potential impact of information systems and having the ability to put this knowledge to work can result in a successful personal career, organizations that reach their goals, and a society with a higher quality of life. • IDENTIFY THE BASIC TYPES OF BUSINESS INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND DISCUSS WHO USES THEM, HOW THEY ARE USED, AND WHAT KINDS OF BENEFITS THEY DELIVER. Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition